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R_DOLAR R_EURO R_FRANC R_LIRA R_YEN Mean -0.003560 0.002223 0.013383 -0.012068 0.010834 Median -0.048804 -0.017661 -0.020991 -0.038889 -0.091837 Maximum 4.434815 3.385650 5.223699 4.018345 10.80639 Minimum -4.968370 -5.106356 -5.027989 -4.838047 -7.547544 Std. Dev. 0.874067 0.487860 0.702979 0.746555 1.133958 Skewness 0.277802 0.050525 0.290114 0.072925 0.678837 Kurtosis 6.729989 16.06188 9.472018 7.815664 11.90174 Jarque-Bera 955.2118 11460.17 2836.024 1559.066 5446.158 Probability 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Sum -5.739149 3.582965 21.57408 -19.45334 17.46505 Sum Sq. Dev. 1230.792 383.4293 796.1225 897.8817 2071.521 Observations 1612 1612 1612 1612 1612 The return of the series are different from zero for all the return, the highest return is obtain for the Swiss franc 1.33% and the lowest for the British pound – 1.20%; from the 5 currency two have negative return: the British pound -1.20% and the American dollar -0.3%. The standard deviation which measures the risk associated with these currency are the highest for Yen 1.13 and the lowest for EURO 0.48, also all the currency 302 are asymmetric and leptokurtic. All the series where tested for stationarity using the ADF test and also for the ARCH effect: the series are stationary and the ARCH effect is present. The evolution of the return (Fig.1) are having the characteristic of an GARCH model with periods of high volatility followed by periods of low volatility, also we can observe that the highest volatility is in 2008-2009 when the financial crisis hit the markets.
Fig.1. Evolution of return 2005 -2011 We explicit the TARCH model for dollar as being: Table 1. TARCH Model dollar Dependent Variable: R_DOLAR Sample (adjusted): 1/07/2005 4/29/2011 Included observations: 1609 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error z-Statistic Prob. R_DOLAR(-1) 0.048747 0.025227 1.932310 0.0533 R_DOLAR(-2) -0.029834 0.027110 -1.100462 0.2711 R_DOLAR(-3) -0.046187 0.025247 -1.829397 0.0673 Variance Equation C 0.009057 0.002396 3.780163 0.0002 RESID(-1)^2 0.071693 0.009958 7.199375 0.0000 RESID(-1)^2*(RESID(-1)
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, RESEARCH, YO
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Scientific Committee: Dr. Băbăiţ
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SECTION: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND
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SUB-SECTION: MARKETING ............
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CHALLENGES, VULNERABILITIES AND WAY
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Data in Table no. 1.1 and Figure no
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T1/2010 T2/2010 T3/2010 T4/2010 T1/
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Table no.1.4. Romania's foreign deb
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Table no.2.1. Romania: Macroeconomi
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change) Terms of trade (percentage
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Table 2.2 shows that the weight of
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policies have not proved effective,
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The external debt can create a burd
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Table no.4.2. Contributions (%) to
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The data in Table no.4.6 emphasize
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- making the policy makers accounta
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Real GDP growth Average CPI inflati
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Real GDP growth Real growth of dome
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CPI Inflation (average) CPI inflati
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Households Non-financial corporatio
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Annex 6 Emerging Europe of selected
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Plenary session 45
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The concept of decentralization In
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macroeconomic stability and income
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"internalize" them at a local level
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one that best meets the requirement
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egional actors such as associations
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d). Political regionalization (poli
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3. Black P.A., Steenekamp, T. J. an
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A NEW THINKING FOR A NEW WORLD. REP
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forget that in reality there are no
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Another aspect - the second in our
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economy on one hand and the nature
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to each other and just as indestruc
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present realities. And do not forge
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that continues to create a sensatio
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ecology’s and of the eco-economy
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8. A free market or another type of
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undirected but totally spontaneous,
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(16) Brown Lester, Eco-economia. Cr
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I. Introduction The topic of this p
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a)funds allocated by states for ban
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continued to be enforced without ea
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ut not for a long-term project whic
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noticed, at Maastricht the decision
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ACCOUNTING FOR SUSTAINABILITY: WHAT
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stable regimes. Opposition protesto
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the perspective of accounting for s
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audit and give a professional opini
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type of outputs from accounting for
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4.3.1. Research methods Field study
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Research is useful to assess any re
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12. Fagerström, Arne, et al., (200
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LE DYNAMISME DES TPE ET PME ET L'É
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Private sector share/GDP Large-scal
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acquisitions, ou de l'extension int
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A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH REGARDING TH
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and control. During the planning ph
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marketing tools. Based on the answe
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10.Pantea, Carmen and Pop, Nicolae.
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Section International Business and
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2010, and the employment rate decre
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third of the new jobs have been cre
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References 1. *** Mednet Marketing
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POVERTY AND LIVING. ROMA POOR NEIGH
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ignored, it stems to great extent f
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disappearance. The East European co
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Tinca (2,500), Diosig (1,500), Bat
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education and occupational training
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30,0% 20,0% Percent 40,0% 10,0% 0,0
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40,0% 30,0% Percent 50,0% 20,0% 10,
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25,0% 20,0% 15,0% Percent 10,0% 5,0
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40,0% 30,0% Percent 50,0% 20,0% 10,
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40,0% 30,0% Percent 50,0% 20,0% 10,
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Table 12. How many people live in y
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50,0% 40,0% 30,0% 20,0% 10,0% 0,0%
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Table 16. How many rooms does your
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40,0% 30,0% Percent 50,0% 20,0% 10,
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50,0% 40,0% 30,0% Percent 60,0% 20,
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Table 22. Is there current water in
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Table 24. The perception of the pov
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80,0% 60,0% Percent 100,0% 40,0% 20
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20,0% 15,0% Percent 25,0% 10,0% 5,0
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Probably long-term solutions would
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ANOVA(b) Model Sum of Squares df Me
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Annex 5. Simple regression between
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Coefficients(a) Unstandardized Coef
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ANOVA(b) Model Sum of Squares df Me
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UTILISATION OF BENCHMARKING TECHNIQ
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economic growth in order to create
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Romania, as well as Bulgaria, is ex
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Section Economics and Business Admi
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THE BRAND EQUITY OF TOURISTIC DESTI
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services are. Kotler extended the c
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ecorded for Oradea’s population a
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11.Harrison, S. “Culture, Tourism
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THE TOURISM BARRIERS OF THE DISABLE
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prohibit the people with disabiliti
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concerning because 14% of them answ
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START-UP FINANCING SOURCES: DOES GE
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(Carter S. and Rosa P. 1998). The m
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entrepreneurs (for comparison, bank
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6.European Commission 2009 . Flash
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COMPETITIVENESS - GROWTH FACTOR. PO
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- to harness resources and increase
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Heritage Foundation and Wall Street
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DYNAMICS ECONOMIC DISPARITIES IN NO
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Table 1 Unemployment in North-West
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smaller. Cluj in turn, has the high
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ABOUT OTHER KIND OF PRODUCTIVITY AN
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the low price levels - having as a
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Stiglitz - one of the two big Nobel
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13.Jivan, Alexandru. „Do People (
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THE POTENTIAL OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEU
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of the 12 rural centres in each cou
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Levels: local - selection / territo
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York, Routledge Advances in Managem
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TOURISM'S CHANGING FACE: NEW AGE TO
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Leisure time will be used more acti
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Travel is no longer a novelty to th
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Page 267 and 268: THE FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ITS IMPLIC
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Page 292 and 293: IV. Interpretation of results Table
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Page 315 and 316: TOOLS USED IN DECISION MAKING Demia
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Page 339 and 340: ELEMENTS FOR A MODEL OF ENTREPRENEU
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EXPLANATORY ECONOMETRIC METHOD FOR
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Building models based on the initia
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2. To measure respondents' opinions
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da i � x � x for individual abs
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the organizational hierarchy), as v
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Q51 Q53 Q64 Content questions to ch
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THE NEED FOR PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT
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may expose the state budget to a hi
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public funds, the system of social
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Bibliography 1. Albu, Lucian-Liviu,
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IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES I
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finance) is much less developed tha
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esource training system, economic r
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1. "What are the problems faced by
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