Study of History - Maulana Kausar Niazi

STUDY OF HISTORY
important function in moulding the process of
history. In Karl Marx's theory also, man is a
unit of society and a helpless tool in the hands
of economic forces. These economic factors
and forces make or mar his destiny. Karl Marx
says that forces of economic production determine
the framework of society and furnish the
foundation both for the individual and the society.
On this foundation is raised the superstructure
of law and politics. Social consciousness takes the
form set by these economic factors. Thus, in material
life economic processes determine thesocial,
political and intellectual consciousness of man.
According to Karl Marx, in the shaping of human
personality, human conscience plays no part.
Man's social personality is the determinant factor
in
the shaping of his individuality. Thus man is
nothing more than a cog in the wheel of society.
But this view of man as a lifeless toy is
opposed to the teachings of all religions. This has
been pointed out by the famous Orientalist and
philosopher of history, Arnold Toynbee, in his
book, Civilization on Trial .
He says*
"The view Is not correct that the indivi<
society and not society for the individual, <
spiritual progress is of no importance in Ml
that the development of social inst
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