Druck-Materie 20b.qxd - JUWEL - Forschungszentrum Jülich

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For the validation of these data sets the calculated neutron flux density spectra for different moderators at two experimental facilities were compared with corresponding measured spectra. Most results agree well within the reported accuracy of measurement. At the present status the generated MCNP library for the moderators ice, water, hydrogen, solid methane, and cold Al as a structure material can be seen as an adequate tool for neutron thermalisation studies in the low temperature range for these moderators. Further validation should be made by application for alternative experiments especially at JESSICA at <strong>Jülich</strong>. Furthermore, for some moderators like hydrogen new basic data were published recently, which could be used to improve the existing data. For the future, corresponding data for clathrates and further interesting moderator materials (e.g. mesitylene) as well as for mixtures of moderators should be available for extended optimisation of the moderator of pulsed neutron sources. REFERENCES [1] Briesmeister,J.F., Editor : MCNP – A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code – Version 4C. LA-13709-M (2000) [2] DOORS-3.2: One, Two and Three-Dimensional Discrete Ordinate Neutron and Photon Transport Code System. RSIC Code Package CCC-650, program DORT, TORT [3] P.F. Rose: "ENDF-201, ENDF/B-VI Summary Documentation," BNL-NCS 17541, 4th Edition (1991) [4] Nordborg, C.: Distribution of JEF-2.2, JEF/DOC-371 (Febr. 1992). The JEF-2.2 Nuclear Data Library, JEFF Report 17 (April 2000) [5] T. Nakagawa, S. Shibata, S. Chiba, T. Fukahori, Y. Nakajima, Y. Kikuchi, T. Kawano, Y. Kanda, T. Ohsawa, H. Matsunobu, M. Kawai, A. Zukeran, T. Watanabe, S. Igarasi, K. Kosako, T. Asami: "Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library Version 3 Revision-2: JENDL-3.2", J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 32(12), 1259-1271 (1995). [6] Mac Farlane,R.E.; Muir,D.W.: The NJOY Nuclear Data Processing System Version 91. LA-12740 (1994) [7] Koppel,J.U.; Triplett,J.R., Naliboff,Y.D.: GASKET, a Unified Code for Thermal Neutron Scattering. GA-7417 (1966) (at IKE modified from GASKET2 to generate ENDF-6 files) [8] Nakahara,Y.: Phonon Spectrum and Thermal Neutron Scattering in Light Water Ice. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 5, 31 (1968) [9] Prask,H.; Boutin,H.; Yip,S.: Frequency Spectrum of Hydrogeneous Molecular solids by Inelastic Neutron Scattering. Hexagonal H2O Ice. J. Chem. Phys. 48, 3367 (1968) [10] Burgman,J.O.; Sciesinski,J.; Sköld,K.: Proton Dynamics in Water and Ice Studied by Inelastic Scattering of Slow Neutrons. Phys. Rev. 170, 808 (1968) [11] Renker,B.: Gitterdynamik von D2O Eis Ih. KFK-1497 (1971) [12] Tewari.S.P.; Kothari,L.S.: A Study of the Pulsed Neutron Problem in ICE in the Temperature Range 273 to 21 °C. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 39, 193 (1970) [13] Kadotani,H.; Iijima,S.: On the Coherent Scattering of Slow Neutrons from Heavy Water. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 4, 625 (1967) [14] Keinert.J.: Neutronenthermalisierung in Polyäthylen. Diploma Thesis 1967 [15] Koppel,J.U.; Houston,D.H.: Reference Manual for ENDF Thermal Neutron Scattering Data. GA-8774 (1968) , ENDF-269 (19 [16] Giauque,W.F.; Stout,J.W. : The Entropy of Water and the Third Law of Thermodynamics. The Heat capacity of Ice fro 15 to 273 °K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58, 1144 (1936) 40
[17] Reinsch,C.: Messung des differentiellen Wirkungsquerschnittes und des mittleren Logarithmischen Energieverlustes bei der Streuung langsamer Neutronen an Wasser und Eis. Z. Physik 163, 424 (1961) [18] Springer,T.: Die Streuung von langsamen Neutronen an Wasser, Eis und Wasserdampf. Nukleonik 3, 110 (1961) [19] Eucken,A.: Zur Kenntnis der Konstitution des Wassers. Nachr. Akad. Wiss., Göttingen, Math. Phys. Kl. 2, 38 (1946) [20] Page,D.I.; Haywood,B.C.: The HARWELL Scattering Law Programme: Frequency Distributions of Moderators. AERE-R 5778 (1968) [21] Keinert,J.; Mattes,M.: Reevaluation of the Low Energy Neutron-Proton Scattering Dynamics in water, Modification of the IKE Frequency Spectrum Model for H bound in H2O and Generation of Multigroup Cross Section Data for THERM-126. IKE 6-TN-28 (1984) [22] Keinert,J.; Mattes,M.: JEF-1 Scattering Law Data. IKE 6-147 / JEF Report 2 / JEF/DOC 41.2 (1984) [23] Beyster,J.R.: Neutron Scattering from Light Water. Nucl.Sci.Eng. 31, 254 (1968) [24] Russell,J.L.; Neill,J.M.; Brown,J.R.: Total Cross Section Measurements of H2O. GA- 7581 (1966) [25] Heinloth,K.: Scattering of Subthermal Neutrons of H2O, CH2O2 and C6H6 . Z.Physik 163, 218 (1961) [26] Zaitsev,K.N.; Petrov,V.N.; Kuznetsov,S.P.; Langer,O.A.; Meshkov,I.V.; Perekrestenko,A.D.: The Total Cross Sections of the Interaction of ultracold Neutrons with H2O and D2O. Sov. J. Atomic Energy 70, 238 (1991) [27] Lemmel, H.D.: Bestimmung der Diffusionskonstanten D(E,T) und Dv(T) thermischer Neutronen in H2O, Phenylen, ZrH1.92 und D2O durch Messung der Streuwinkelverteilungen 4π/σ dσ/dΩ. Teil I: H2O Nukleonik 7, 265 (1965) [28] Young, J.A.; Koppel, J.U.: Slow Neutron Scattering by Molecular Hydrogen and Deuterium. Phys. Rev. 135 (1964), A603 [29] Bernnat, W.; Emendörfer, D.; Keinert, J.; Mattes, M.: Flüssigkeitsmodelle für die Neutronenstreuung an Wasserstoff und Deuterium unter Berücksichtigung der innermolekularen und zwischenmolekularen Interferenz. IKE 6 – 175 (1989) [30] Golub, R.; Böning, K.: New Type of Low Temperature Source of Ultra-Cold Neutrons and Production of Continuous Beams of UCN. Z. Phys. B 51, 95 (1983) [31] Yu, Z.-Ch.; Malik, S.S.; Golub, R.: A Thin Film Source of Ultra-Cold Neutrons. Z. Phys. B 62,137 (1986) [32] Golub, R.; Richardson, D.; Lamoreaux, S.K. : Ultra-Cold Neutrons. Adam Hilger, Bristol, Philadelphia and New York (1991) [33] Bernnat, W.; Emendörfer, D.; Käfer, S.; Keinert, J.; Mattes, M.; Predel, Matthias : Evaluierung von Wirkungsquerschnitten und Strahlungs-Transportrechnungen zur physikalischen Auslegung von kalten und superthermischen Neutronenquellen bezüglich Aufheizraten und Ausbeute an kalten und ultrakalten Neutronen. IKE 6-186 (1992 [34] Serebrov, A.P.; Mityukhlyaev, V.A.; Zakharov, A.A.; Kharitonov, A.G.; Shustov, V.A.; Kuzminov, V.V.; Lasakov, M.S.; Taldaev, R.R.; Aldushchenkov, A.V.; Varlamov, V.E.; Vasilev, A.V.; Sazhin, M.V.; Greene, G.; Bowles, T.; Hill, R.; Seestrom, S.: Studies of Solid-Deuterium Source of Ultracold Neutrons and Hydrogen-Deuterium Mixtures for Cold Neutron Sources. NP-57-1997 (1997) [35] Nielsen, M.; Bjerrum Møller, H.: Lattice Dynamics of Solid Deuterium by Inelastic Neutron Scattering. Phys. Rev. B3, 4383 (1971) 41
Page 1 and 2: ACoM - 6 6th 6 International Worksh
Page 3 and 4: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Inst
Page 5: Preface These are the Proceedings o
Page 8 and 9: List of participants, cont’d. Kü
Page 10 and 11: Pepe M. 43 Petriw S. 43 Picton D.J.
Page 12 and 13: Experimental background, results an
Page 14 and 15: • Light water ice as H(H2O) at T
Page 16 and 17: In Table 2 a survey is given about
Page 18 and 19: sigma-T in barns/molecule Figure 4.
Page 20 and 21: 2.3 Liquid water Compared to the so
Page 22 and 23: presented. The corresponding experi
Page 24 and 25: 3.2 Gaseous hydrogen and deuterium
Page 26 and 27: Rho(Omega) normalised 160 140 120 1
Page 28 and 29: elatively free and can also suffer
Page 30 and 31: Figure 16. Heat Capacity for Solid
Page 32 and 33: o-D2 and p-H2 at 5K for an ucn ener
Page 34 and 35: Figure 22. UCN Upscattering Rates i
Page 36 and 37: ho(omega) normalised 40 35 30 25 20
Page 38 and 39: derived from Walker [52]. The neutr
Page 40 and 41: Since there is only a small gain of
Page 42 and 43: 7. CALCULATION OF SCATTERING LAW DA
Page 46 and 47: [36] Nielsen, M.: Phonons in Solid
Page 48 and 49: 2. THE CASE OF MOLECULAR SOLIDS An
Page 50 and 51: γ r ( 0) ≅ 2 2 2 T erf e ( ) / 2
Page 52 and 53: 4. PRELIMINARY APPLICATION Solid Me
Page 54 and 55: [5] Meeting on Moderator Concepts a
Page 56 and 57: state. Conversely, the monatomic hy
Page 58 and 59: Note that the equilibrium trihydrog
Page 60 and 61: para hydrogen system under irradiat
Page 62 and 63: [12] T. E. Fessler and J. W. Blue,
Page 64 and 65: tion of neutron intensities, partic
Page 66 and 67: varied between calculations but the
Page 68 and 69: 5. THE OPTIMISATION OF MULTIPLY GRO
Page 70 and 71: Figure 7. A comparison of time dist
Page 72 and 73: 4.8 cm hydrogen slab in front of a
Page 75 and 76: ACoM - 6 6 th Meeting of the Collab
Page 77 and 78: the moderator is annealed every 12
Page 79 and 80: The method requires two additional
Page 81 and 82: ABSTRACT ACoM - 6 6 th Meeting of t
Page 83 and 84: Heat transfer processes across phas
Page 85 and 86: 3. TWO-PHASE FLOW PATTERN IN THE MO
Page 87 and 88: continuous phase dominating, and a
Page 89 and 90: Also the velocity pattern has chang
Page 91 and 92: Figure 8. Methane pellets concentra
Page 93 and 94: ACoM - 6 6 th Meeting of the Collab
Page 95 and 96:
sample volume and the nominal densi
Page 97 and 98:
The results presented in this paper
Page 99:
Table 10. Summary of energy transfe
Page 102 and 103:
2. EXPERIMENTAL Methane hydrate was
Page 104 and 105:
Figure 4. Energy levels of methane
Page 106 and 107:
102
Page 108 and 109:
phase transitions from phase II to
Page 110 and 111:
After melting phase I in the cryost
Page 112 and 113:
4. SOLID PHASES OF MESITYLENE-D0 AN
Page 114 and 115:
G(ν) [a.u.] 8 6 4 2 Phase II Phase
Page 116 and 117:
112
Page 118 and 119:
A not quite as perfect cold spectru
Page 120 and 121:
2.2 Inelastic neutron scattering Th
Page 122 and 123:
Figure 4. Inelastic spectra at the
Page 124 and 125:
3.2 Moderator performance The resul
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122
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Figure 2. The methane pelletizer, m
Page 130 and 131:
Figure 5. The cryogenic hopper fill
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128
Page 134 and 135:
ture
Page 136 and 137:
The charging device scheme could be
Page 138 and 139:
Table 1. Data of irradiation of met
Page 140 and 141:
5. METHODS OF PROCESSING OF RAW EXP
Page 142 and 143:
of radicals, that is, before a burp
Page 144 and 145:
6.2 Condition for thermally stimula
Page 146 and 147:
Table 4. Estimated values of an ene
Page 148 and 149:
• Nine spontaneous burps were obs
Page 150 and 151:
APPENDIX Some useful relations and
Page 152 and 153:
APPENDIX. Graphs of burps. 148
Page 154 and 155:
150
Page 156 and 157:
152
Page 158 and 159:
154
Page 160 and 161:
2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Fig. 1 will g
Page 162 and 163:
All these parameters are kept const
Page 164 and 165:
4. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that
Page 166 and 167:
JESSICA (Juelich Experimental Spall
Page 168 and 169:
The moderator system consists of th
Page 170 and 171:
to change the temperatures and to p
Page 172 and 173:
168
Page 174 and 175:
supplied from the high pressure bom
Page 176 and 177:
10 9 10 8 10 7 10 6 Para35%[Experim
Page 178 and 179:
174
Page 180 and 181:
2. TIME OF FLIGHT SPECTRA AND ENERG
Page 182 and 183:
When applying this transformation t
Page 184 and 185:
data were analyzed in more detail.
Page 186 and 187:
182
Page 188 and 189:
First of all, we should conclude th
Page 190 and 191:
The equation (a) may also describe
Page 192 and 193:
Even at h=0.01 mm which is too smal
Page 194 and 195:
model and some consequences of its
Page 196 and 197:
methane and 0.7-1.5% for water ice
Page 198 and 199:
case: the sample of infinite size.
Page 200 and 201:
196
Page 202 and 203:
198
Page 204 and 205:
200
Page 206 and 207:
202
Page 208 and 209:
204
Page 210 and 211:
206
Page 212 and 213:
208
Page 214 and 215:
210
Page 216 and 217:
Phase Diagram of the CH4-H20 system
Page 218 and 219:
Reaction Chamber for Hydrate Produc
Page 220 and 221:
Analysis: X-ray diffraction pattern
Page 222 and 223:
Comparison with non-hydrate forming
Page 224 and 225:
Mechanical Tests: Apparatus 220
Page 226 and 227:
Morphology of Indium Jacket 222
Page 228 and 229:
Schriften des Forschungszentrums J
Page 230 and 231:
Schriften des Forschungszentrums J
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