Final Chemistry Notebook

dissolved in water. All electrolytes conduct an electric charge at different degrees. They are different
types of electrolytes such as weak and strong. Strong electrolytes 9 are solutions which are nearly all
of the solutes exist as ions. ON the other hand Weak electrolytes 10 conduct a very poor electric
current due to the fact there is only a fraction of the solute in the solution which exist ions. Most
important they are vital to metabolic process which are used to carry electrical impulses internally to
other cells. Which are crucial to the nerves and the function of the muscles,
Hydrates
The water in which a crystal is contained in is referred to as a water of hydration 11 or water of
crystallization. Different types of compounds have /contain water hydration in which is a hydrate 12 . As
I stated before the crystal, is referred to as water of hydration it can be heated above 100 Celsius in
which they lose their water of hydration. Furthermore the forces that are keeping the water molecules
intact in hydrates aren’t very strong, so the water is easily lost or regained. Some hydrates contain
water but some don’t. For example the substance anhydrous 13 does not contain water. There is
different types of hydrates such as Efflorescent and hygroscopic Hydrates. Efflorescent hydrates is
when the water molecules in hydrate are held by weak forces so the hydrates often have a good
amount of vapor pressure. If it has a vapor pressure higher than the pressure of water vapor the
hydrate will lose its water of hydration of effloresce 14 . While Hygroscopic hydrates have a low vapor
pressure where the water is removed from the air to create a higher hydrate. The hydrates and the
other compound which remove moisture from the air are referred to as hygroscopic 15 . An example of
this would be calcium chloride which absorbs a second, molecule of water. It is also used a
desiccant 16 which is a substance used to absorb moisture from the air and create a dry atmosphere.
Similar to this would be a deliquescent 17 which means that they remo0ve sufficient water from the air
to dissolve completely and form a solution,
15.3 Heterogeneous Aqueous Systems
Suspensions
Heterogeneous mixtures are not solutions. For example a suspension 18 is a mixture from which
particles settle out upon standing. Suspension are different from a solution because the particles of a
suspensions are much large and don not stay suspended indefinitely. Particles have an average
diameter greater that then 1000 nm. Suspension are heterogeneous due to the ACT that 2 substance
can clearly be identified. Gelatin is an example of a mixture called a colloid.
Colloids
A colloid 19 is a heterogeneous mixture containing particles that range in size from 1nm to 1000 nm.
The particles spread or disperse. Many colloids are cloudy and milky in appearance similar to
suspension when they are concentrated. They can also look clear or almost clear like solutions when
they are dilute. The important difference between colloids and solutions and suspensions is in the
size of the particles. Colloids have particles smaller than the ones in suspension and larger than
those in solution. Colloids have different things they cause such as effects, put things in motion. The
tidal effect is one of these ordinarily you cannot see a beam of sunlight unless they pass through
particles of water or dust sand sir. The reason why it’s visible is because they scatter the sunlight.
The scattering of the visible light by colloidal particles is called the Tyndall effect 20 . While some are
seen by sunlight other thing get studied in different ways. Such as flashes of lights or scintillations are
seen when colloid are studied in microscopes. The chaotic movement of the colloids is which was first
studied by brown a botanist which was later named Brownian motion 21 . Mayonnaise is an example
of a colloidal system called an emulsion, an emulsion 22 is a colloidal dispersion of a liquid in a liquid.
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