Final Chemistry Notebook

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The Learning Goal for this assignment is: Explore the scientific theory of atoms ( also know as atomic theory) by describing changes in the atomic model over time and why those changes were necessitated by expiramental evidence. Notes Section Calculating atomic mass In order to calculate the atomic mass you must understand the occurences of number due to the percentage. The first step to understandin how to calculate atomic mas is turning your relative abudance/Amu into a decimal by makin it zero point and its original numbers. Then after you converted your amu into a decimal you times it by the mass. Then you repeat the same process with the other set of mass and amu. After you add both of the results up and then you get your awnser then you put in correct format by looking at the exact number of significant figures the first set of number had and you put the same amount of signifcant number in your final awnser. Ex The element is naturaly occurring isotopes with the masses numbers of 63 and 65. The realtive abudance and the atomis mass is 69.2 % for mass= 62.93 amu and 30.8% for mass= 64.93 amu. Calculate the atomic mass of Copper? First of you must get your first pair first which is : 69.2% = 62.93 amu Repeat process with the other numbers. 30.8=64.93 Next you turn the amu into decimal. Turn amu into decimal 0.6293 0.6493 Then you multiply the decimal by the mass. Multiply decimal with mass 69.2 x 0.6293 30.8 x 0.6493 You recieve awnser you recieve youre awnser 43.54756 19.99844 Then you add both of your awnser together to get final awnser 43.54756 + 19.99844 = 63.546 you put in correct format by looking at the exact number of significant figures that the mass had and you put the same amount of signifcant number in your final awnser <strong>Final</strong> awnser : 63.5 http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/basics_interactive.html 30
Atoms Are Building Blocks Atoms are the basis of chemistry. They are the basis for everything in the Universe. You should start by remembering that matter is composed of atoms. Atoms and the study of atoms are a world unto themselves. We're going to cover basics like atomic structure and bonding between atoms. Smaller Than Atoms? Are there pieces of matter that are smaller than atoms? Sure there are. You'll soon be learning that atoms are composed of pieces like electrons, protons, and neutrons. But guess what? There are even smaller particles moving around in atoms. These super-small particles can be found inside the protons and neutrons. Scientists have many names for those pieces, but you may have heard of nucleons and quarks. Nuclear chemists and physicists work together at particle accelerators to discover the presence of these tiny, tiny, tiny pieces of matter. Even though super-tiny atomic particles exist, you only need to remember the three basic parts of an atom: electrons, protons, and neutrons. What are electrons, protons, and neutrons? A picture works best to show off the idea. You have a basic atom. There are three types of pieces in that atom: electrons, protons, and neutrons. That's all you have to remember. Three things! As you know, there are almost 120 known elements in the periodic table. Chemists and physicists haven't stopped there. They are trying to make new ones in labs every day. The thing that makes each of those elements different is the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons. The protons and neutrons are always in the center of the atom. Scientists call the center region of the atom the nucleus. The nucleus in a cell is a thing. The nucleus in an atom is a place where you find protons and neutrons. The electrons are always found whizzing around the center in areas called shells or orbitals. You can also see that each piece has either a "+", "-", or a "0." That symbol refers to the charge of the particle. Have you ever heard about getting a shock from a socket, static electricity, or lightning? Those are all different types of electric charges. Those charges are also found in tiny particles of matter. The electron always has a "-", or negative, charge. The proton always has a "+", or positive, charge. If the charge of an entire atom is "0", or neutral, there are equal numbers of positive and negative pieces. Neutral means there are equal numbers of electrons and protons. The third particle is the neutron. It has a neutral charge, also known as a charge of zero. All atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons so that they are neutral. If there are more positive protons or negative electrons in an atom, you have a special atom called an ion. 31
Page 1 and 2: . Chemistry Honors Notebook 2017-20
Page 3 and 4: Table E Selected Polyatomic Ions Fo
Page 5 and 6: Table H Vapor Pressure of Four Liqu
Page 7 and 8: Table K Common Acids Table N Select
Page 9 and 10: Table R Organic Functional Groups C
Page 11 and 12: Table S Properties of Selected Elem
Page 13 and 14: Table T Important Formulas and Equa
Page 15 and 16: CHEMISTRY EXAM FORMULA AND RESOURCE
Page 17 and 18: Activity Series of Metals Name Symb
Page 19 and 20: Unit 1 Measurement Lab Separation o
Page 21 and 22: Unit 5 (28 days) Chapter 10 Chemica
Page 23 and 24: 30. Always lubricate glassware (tub
Page 25 and 26: 7
Page 27 and 28: Print vs. print Online vs. online P
Page 29 and 30: 11 To use the Stair-Step method, fi
Page 31 and 32: Using SI Units Match the terms in C
Page 33 and 34: Standards of Measurement Fill in th
Page 35 and 36: SCIENTIFIC NOTATION RULES How to Wr
Page 37 and 38: Convert each number from Scientific
Page 39 and 40: Significant Figures Rules There are
Page 41 and 42: How Many Significant Digits for Eac
Page 43 and 44: 25 The following rule applies for m
Page 45 and 46: 1qt=32 oz 1gal = 4qts 1.00 qt = 946
Page 47: Chapter 6 The Periodic Table The st
Page 51 and 52: Electrovalence Don't get worried ab
Page 53 and 54: Summary Atoms are the most importan
Page 55 and 56: Research the Scientist and summariz
Page 57 and 58: 39 Electron Configuration Color the
Page 59 and 60: Electron Configuration In order to
Page 61 and 62: Ca= Calcium Ni=nickel C=carbon Xe=x
Page 64: 10. Name __________________________
Page 67 and 68: Using Wikipedia, define the 8 categ
Page 69 and 70: Define Ionization Energy: Ionizatio
Page 71 and 72: 51 Define Ion Size: Ion Size Ion si
Page 73 and 74: The Nucleus A typical model of the
Page 75 and 76: Gamma Radiation After a decay react
Page 77 and 78: Nuclear Fission The word fusion mea
Page 79 and 80: Students will be able to predict sh
Page 81 and 82: electrons in the outer energy level
Page 83 and 84: Non-metals, which lack only one or
Page 85 and 86: AlCl3+ HgI2 But remember to look ba
Page 87 and 88: POLAR BONDING results when two diff
Page 89 and 90: Step 6 Put the atoms in the structu
Page 91: Orbitals Equation Lone Pairs Angle
Page 94 and 95: Carbon dioxide Chemical Name CO 2 C
Page 96 and 97: Hydronium Chemical Name H 3 O + Che
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Sulfur hexafluoride Chemical Name S
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Bent: They look, well, bent. Bond a
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4. the chlorine atom in hydrochlori
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Chapter 23 Functional Groups The st
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85
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anched chains: Hexane - a 6-carbon
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Isomers Because carbon can bond in
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Chapter 12 Stoichiometry The studen
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Other atomic weights are listed on
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Find Molecular Mass 1- 10 1. NaBr N
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Right side: 1 carbon, 2 hydrogen an
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Add a coefficient of 5 to the oxyge
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1) 2 NaNO3 + PbO Pb(NO3)2 + Na2O 2
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4) Double displacement: This is whe
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Decomposition ab=>A+B Determine the
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we can determine that 2 moles of HC
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When there is no limiting reagent b
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Example 7 How much 5M stock solutio
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Theoretical and Actual Yields Key T
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Review Purposes To get an over
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STP-Standard Temperature And Pressu
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Chapter 14 The Behavior of Gases Th
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CORNELL NOTES Learning Goal: Differ
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Questions/Main Ideas NOTES 13.4 cha
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It is important that you realize th
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127 3. The pressure of nitrogen gas
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This formula is strictly valid only
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dissolved in water. All electrolyte
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Create and interpret potential ener
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Structure effects: determines what
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Specific Heat Here is the definitio
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Step One: solid ice rises in temper
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Step Three: liquid water rises in t
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Step Five: steam rises in temperatu
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then it is exothermic, meaning the
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Define the types of reactions. Give
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1. If this compound was at room tem
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1. In what part of the curve would
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Reduction Oxidation reduction react
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So far, the properties have an obvi
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The acid base theory of Brønsted a
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IV. Problems with the Theory This t
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Let's discuss significant figures a
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On your calculator you would input
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Ag+ + Cu ---> Ag + Cu2+ I have deli
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7. Half Reactions A half-reaction i
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Notice that each separate substance
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Final Chemistry Notebook

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