Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, July 2015-2018 [Numbers in thousands. Data are not seasonally adjusted.] Employment status, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 38,589 38,450 38,152 37,997 Civilian labor force..................................................................... 23,162 23,104 23,107 23,016 Participation rate..................................................................... 60.0 60.1 60.6 60.6 Employed............................................................................. 20,333 20,456 20,890 20,897 Employment-population ratio.................................................... 52.7 53.2 54.8 55.0 Unemployed.......................................................................... 2,829 2,648 2,217 2,119 Looking for full-time work........................................................ 2,134 1,912 1,607 1,458 Looking for part-time work....................................................... 695 736 610 660 <strong>Unemployment</strong> rate................................................................. 12.2 11.5 9.6 9.2 Not in labor force....................................................................... 15,426 15,346 15,045 14,981 Men Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 19,442 19,380 19,219 19,128 Civilian labor force..................................................................... 12,011 12,094 11,983 11,695 Participation rate..................................................................... 61.8 62.4 62.3 61.1 Employed............................................................................. 10,488 10,638 10,773 10,550 Employment-population ratio.................................................... 53.9 54.9 56.1 55.2 Unemployed.......................................................................... 1,523 1,455 1,210 1,145 Looking for full-time work........................................................ 1,195 1,169 944 828 Looking for part-time work....................................................... 328 286 266 317 <strong>Unemployment</strong> rate................................................................. 12.7 12.0 10.1 9.8 Not in labor force....................................................................... 7,431 7,287 7,236 7,433 Women Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 19,147 19,069 18,932 18,869 Civilian labor force..................................................................... 11,151 11,010 11,124 11,321 Participation rate..................................................................... 58.2 57.7 58.8 60.0 Employed............................................................................. 9,846 9,818 10,117 10,347 Employment-population ratio.................................................... 51.4 51.5 53.4 54.8 Unemployed.......................................................................... 1,306 1,193 1,007 974 Looking for full-time work........................................................ 939 743 663 630 Looking for part-time work....................................................... 367 450 344 344 <strong>Unemployment</strong> rate................................................................. 11.7 10.8 9.1 8.6 Not in labor force....................................................................... 7,996 8,059 7,808 7,548 White Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 28,488 28,297 28,038 27,866 Civilian labor force..................................................................... 17,735 17,734 17,423 17,509 Participation rate..................................................................... 62.3 62.7 62.1 62.8 Employed............................................................................. 15,903 15,981 16,031 16,174 Employment-population ratio.................................................... 55.8 56.5 57.2 58.0 Unemployed.......................................................................... 1,832 1,754 1,392 1,335 Looking for full-time work........................................................ 1,308 1,222 974 863 Looking for part-time work....................................................... 524 532 418 471 <strong>Unemployment</strong> rate................................................................. 10.3 9.9 8.0 7.6 Not in labor force....................................................................... 10,754 10,562 10,615 10,357 Black or African American Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 5,916 5,850 5,749 5,668 Civilian labor force..................................................................... 3,337 3,149 3,214 3,203 Participation rate..................................................................... 56.4 53.8 55.9 56.5 Employed............................................................................. 2,645 2,499 2,694 2,675 Employment-population ratio.................................................... 44.7 42.7 46.9 47.2 Unemployed.......................................................................... 691 650 520 528 Looking for full-time work........................................................ 604 533 412 438 Looking for part-time work....................................................... 87 117 108 90 <strong>Unemployment</strong> rate................................................................. 20.7 20.6 16.2 16.5 Not in labor force....................................................................... 2,580 2,701 2,535 2,465 July 2015 July 2016 July 2017 July 2018
Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, July 2015-2018 — Continued [Numbers in thousands. Data are not seasonally adjusted.] Employment status, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 2,148 2,212 2,208 2,302 Civilian labor force..................................................................... 957 954 1,047 997 Participation rate..................................................................... 44.6 43.1 47.4 43.3 Employed............................................................................. 855 859 944 913 Employment-population ratio.................................................... 39.8 38.8 42.7 39.7 Unemployed.......................................................................... 102 95 103 84 Looking for full-time work........................................................ 68 65 70 59 Looking for part-time work....................................................... 34 30 33 25 <strong>Unemployment</strong> rate................................................................. 10.7 10.0 9.9 8.4 Not in labor force....................................................................... 1,191 1,258 1,162 1,305 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 8,406 8,497 8,535 8,687 Civilian labor force..................................................................... 4,728 4,776 4,835 5,035 Participation rate..................................................................... 56.2 56.2 56.6 58.0 Employed............................................................................. 4,127 4,235 4,347 4,492 Employment-population ratio.................................................... 49.1 49.8 50.9 51.7 Unemployed.......................................................................... 601 540 488 543 Looking for full-time work........................................................ 458 385 353 362 Looking for part-time work....................................................... 143 155 135 181 <strong>Unemployment</strong> rate................................................................. 12.7 11.3 10.1 10.8 Not in labor force....................................................................... 3,679 3,721 3,700 3,652 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. July 2015 July 2016 July 2017 July 2018
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I. Introduction The Unemployment Ra
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Marxian Theory of Unemployment It i
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To the extent that hidden unemploym
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to the way the statistics are colle
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calculation of unemployment by diff
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The Bureau of Labor Statistics also
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When comparing unemployment rates b
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In the United States, there have be
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Unemployment Ratio The unemployment
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Another cost for the unemployed is
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of millions and the destruction of
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Decline In Work Hours As a result o
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According to classical economic the
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A description of the miserable livi
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20% in some parts of the United Kin
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Male Unemployment Male Unemployment
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II. The Effective (True) Unemployme
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U.S. Unemployment Forecast 2017 Sug
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not causation but, if traditionally
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So, what has really changed? Yes, t
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numbers, more dramatic solutions ar
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As I look back and reflect on my ex
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III. Involuntary Unemployment Invol
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Other economists do not believe tha
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IV. Underemployment Underemployment
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surveys show that skill-based under
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In some countries, labour laws or p
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V. Discouraged Workers In economics
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European Union Unemployment statist
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VI. The Working Poor The Working Po
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Measuring Working Poverty Absolute
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nearly 40% -- or more than $60,000
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affects a very wide range of people
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Welfare State Generosity Cross-nati
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available education continues the v
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mechanisms that allow them to maint
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Education And Training Some argue t
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VII. Wage Slavery Wage Slavery is a
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might 'come and go' as he pleased,
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5. Similarities were blurred by the
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development of economic theory. Ada
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Psychological Effects According to
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have a range of available alternati
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Modern political theory stresses Ma
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Others like Murray Rothbard allow f
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VIII. The Employment-to-Population
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Employment-To-Population Ratio in T
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Co un try Turk ey Unit ed King dom
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IX. List of Countries by Employment
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