catalogo publicaciones FAO 2019

74 THE FAO BOOK
THE FAO BOOK 75
TAJIKISTAN
Rural women selling
fruit and vegetables
on the roadside.
©FAO/MUSTAFA
COSKUN
16 THE FAO BOOK
Agricultural
production
Food storage,
transport and
trade
Food
transformation
Food retail and
provisioning
Other
SOURCE: WHO, 2010; FAO, 2016; FAO, 2017; GLOPAN, 2016; HLPE, 2017; WHO, 2016; WHO/UNDP 2018
82 THE FAO BOOK
• Encourage policies and investments that support diversification and the
production of nutrient-rich foods (e.g. fruits and vegetables and legumes).
• Promote value chain development for nutrient-rich food crops
• Ensure that agriculture research investments focus not only on staples but also
on nutrient-rich crops
• Invest in transport and cold-chain infrastructure in order to reduce food loss
• Encourage domestic trade, rural-urban linkages, short food supply chains
(where feasible) for nutrient-rich foods, especially for vegetables, fruits, legumes
and nuts
• Lower tariff and non-tariff trade barriers for fruits and vegetables, especially
during off-season periods, or increase import tariffs on foods high in fats,
sugars and/or salt
• Encourage food reformulation laws
• Take measures to introduce food and nutrition labelling laws
• Support the establishment of investment funds for start-up Small and Medium
Enterprises that produce nutrient-rich foods
• Create incentives for processing techniques that reduce costs and increase the
nutritional value of foods
• Support policies to improve food safety in informal and wet markets
• Offer price incentives to encourage street vendors to use ingredients of better
nutritional quality while ensuring food safety standards
• Impose taxes to discourage the consumption of foods high in fat, sugar and/or
salt, such as sugar-sweetened beverages
• Support the review of food subsidies, to cover foods such as fresh fruits,
vegetables and legumes and make them affordable to consumers
• Implement planning regulations and investments to support wholesale markets,
wet markets and informal retailers that provide fresh produce to consumers
especially low-income populations
• Establish social protection policies and programmes to ensure that nutrient-rich
foods can be accessed by vulnerable populations – e.g. school food and
nutrition programmes that provide nutrient-rich foods, or conditional cash
transfers to facilitate access to fresh fruits and vegetables
• Introduce legislation to ensure institutional procurement from local smallholder
farmers
• Apply zoning for fast food outlets, especially around schools
• Introduce strategies and actions to promote, protect and support breastfeeding
• Control the marketing of foods and beverages targeted at children
• Introduce mandatory regulation of advertising to children, and of other forms
of marketing of food and beverages to children
• Support mass media informational campaigns and social marketing
campaigns encouraging healthy eating
• Support education reforms to introduce food and nutrition education into
school curricula
CHAD
A poultry farm
worker carrying
cartons of eggs.
This is one of
many poultry
farms participating
in the South–South
Cooperation
project.
©FAO/S.
KAMBOU
FAO PUBLICATIONS CATALOGUE 2019
FAO
CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES IN
A GLOBAL WORLD
This comprehensive book identifies the challenges
and opportunities facing food and agriculture
in the context of the 2030 Agenda, presents
solutions for a more sustainable world and shows
how FAO has been structured to better support
its Member Nations in achieving the Sustainable
Development Goals.
FAO’S CHALLENGES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
A NEW VISION
CHAPTER 2.4
TRANSFORMING
FOOD SYSTEMS
ACHIEVING FAO'S GOALS TO
END HUNGER AND POVERTY IS
A CHALLENGING TASK. THANKS
TO MAJOR CHANGES IN HOW WE
DO BUSINESS, TODAY FAO IS A
MORE FLEXIBLE ORGANIZATION,
WITH ACTIVITIES DRIVEN BY FIVE
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES.
in 2013 the Organization renewed its Strategic Framework with five
key Strategic Objectives (SOs).
The SOs represent FAO’s main areas of work to achieve its
vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition, where
food and agriculture help to improve the living standards of all,
especially the poorest, in an inclusive, economically, socially
and environmentally sustainable manner. Through its Strategic
Objectives, FAO has developed a flexible structure adapted to the
multisectoral nature of today’s global challenges – centring the
focus of its work, broadening its fields of action, generating new
synergies, strengthening its capacity at regional and country levels,
and contributing at the same time to the implementation of the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development.
I
n our increasingly interconnected world,
strengthened agriculture and food systems have
a critical role to play in achieving the targets of the
Sustainable Development Goals of eliminating poverty and
hunger and increasing our resilience to climatic and economic shocks.
Food systems encompass all the stages of keeping us fed:
growing, harvesting, packing, processing, transforming,
marketing, consuming and disposing of food.
Agricultural and food systems influence the availability,
affordability, sustainability, diversity, quality and safety of food
and agricultural products and they are undergoing dramatic
changes. They are becoming increasingly globalized, concentrated,
industrialized and science and capital-intensive. Rapid urbanization
and increases in income levels are also driving changes in
consumer preferences. Although these developments can provide
immense opportunities, they can also give rise to challenges
including: growing malnutrition (micronutrient deficiency,
overweight and obesity); increased incidences of food safety
issues and transboundary animal and plant disease outbreaks; the
misuse of antimicrobials that results in antimicrobial resistance;
and significant levels of food loss and waste. Other more global
challenges include environmental degradation and climate change.
FAO'S STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
SO1
Help
eliminate
hunger, food
insecurity
and
malnutrition
SO2
Make
agriculture,
forestry and
fisheries more
productive
and
sustainable
SO3
Reduce
rural
poverty
SO4
Enable
inclusive
and
efficient
agricultural
and food
systems
SO5
Increase
the resilience
of livelihoods
to threats
and crises
FIVE BIG OBJECTIVES, A MORE
COMPREHENSIVE VISION
E
radicating hunger and all forms of
malnutrition is closely linked to eliminating
poverty, and both goals require inclusive and
socially, economically and environmentally
sustainable food systems; inclusive social protection
systems; and preventive efforts to build resilience before any
potential setbacks or disasters. All of which necessarily comes
through governments’ political will and interventions at
community and household levels.
Complex realities like that of the Horn of Africa’s pastoralists,
for instance, can lead to a situation in which specific efforts, such as
keeping the herds healthy, fighting zoonoses, providing access to
water and animal feed, developing meat drying methods or building
milk collection centres, end up focusing on their own concrete results
and may lose sight of the broader goals. Of course, these issues
are important, but having access to education and health services
are equally so. Moreover, pastoralists need economic safety nets to
increase resilience to droughts or conflicts, while securing access
to markets and food storage systems or getting specific support for
women and youth.
Bearing in mind these goals, FAO’s five Strategic Objectives
(SOs) are the basis for programming coherent support, monitoring
impact and assessing results. These five SOs enable FAO’s technical
specialists to align their work with the results pursued, assessing
their contribution to achieving each SO and subsequently establish
the priority areas of support. In light of this, rather than focusing
on the specificities of a single area of work (Are we reducing illegal
fishing?), each action area is viewed through the lens of the Strategic
Objectives (Are our efforts against illegal fishing contributing to more
sustainable fisheries? Are they helping to reduce poverty in fisheries?
etc.). Moreover, the SOs allow countries to align their planning and
roadmaps in order to meet these very same objectives, and they pave
the way towards new partnerships with other development actors,
the civil society and the private sector by shaping areas in which the
interest of both parties may concur.
HOW DOES FAO DELIVER THE STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES?
T
he SOs are delivered through Strategic
Programmes (SPs) that are managed by
Strategic Programme Teams, staffed and
equipped with focal points from FAO’s
technical divisions and regional offices. The aim of
the SP Teams is to lead and coordinate the Organization’s actions
towards achieving the SOs, which ultimately feed into the SDGs. The
Organization’s technical knowledge and expertise also underpins
FAO’S CHALLENGES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
MEASURES TO IMPROVE FOOD ENVIRONMENTS
THAT SUPPORT HEALTHY DIETS
FOOD
SUBSYSTEMS MEASURES
facilitate neutral dialogue on issues related to the formulation
of trade agreements and promote the use of evidence in the
formulation and adoption of such agreements. It also supports
the strengthening of national systems and their adaptation to
international norms and standards in order to take advantage of
trade agreements.
Developing inclusive and efficient value chains
The increasing demand for high-value products in
international and domestic food markets is an opportunity for
developing countries to generate economic growth and gainful
employment. However, modernizing agro-industries and agrifood
chains also pose risks in terms of equity, sustainability
and inclusiveness, particularly for smaller-scale farmers and
agro-enterprises thus underscoring the need for policies and
strategies that address these risks. FAO works with countries
to formulate and implement agro-industry, agribusiness and
value chain development strategies and platforms, in tandem
to providing related policy guidance, knowledge generation
and capacity development. The Organization also works to
strengthen the capacities of producer organizations, promote
effective policies on decent job creation, entrepreneurship,
and incentives for innovation and investment, especially for
women, whose work is often key along the value chain.
Ensuring policy supportive of food system
development
There is growing recognition by decision makers that policies
need to be monitored and evaluated in order to become more
effective and to achieve national objectives.
The way policies interact can support or hinder the
efficiency and development of agricultural and food systems
and, as a result, agricultural sector growth. Unstable policy
environments and volatile prices due to rapidly evolving
international as well as domestic market forces have affected
production decisions, consumption levels and marketing/
trade options in most developing countries. Understanding
the factors that lead to price volatility particularly in domestic
markets and the drivers of policy/institutional instability
will help decision makers and other stakeholders make
better-informed decisions and adopt evidence-based risk
management strategies and tools. FAO supports countries
in policy monitoring and evaluation for improved price and
market incentives. The specific areas of support range from
THE 5 KEY PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABILITY
PRINCIPLE 1 PRINCIPLE 3
Increase Improve
productivity, livelihoods and
employment foster inclusive
and value
economic
addition in growth
food systems
PRINCIPLE 4
PRINCIPLE 2 Enhance
Protect and the resilience
enhance
of people,
natural
communities
resources
and ecosystems
improving national data collection, to developing relevant indicators, to THERE
analysing and disseminating them and to enhancing evidence-based
FOOD
policy dialogue.
Nutrition and food systems
Malnutrition affects all countries and one in three people. It takes
many forms, from chronic hunger, to micronutrient deficiency, and
from child stunting to obesity. Nutrition starts with what we eat.
Rfood. Th
Protecting and promoting healthy diets should be a central objective populatio
of food system and agricultural policies. Crop production, fisheries,
food-born
livestock, and forestry provide the diverse, safe and nutritious foods diseases f
we need. Enhancing their impact on nutrition requires attention at
the food i
all stages in the value chain: from the promotion of healthy soils and food they
protection of biodiversity; the choice of inputs and what we produce; to governm
how we store, transport, transform and market foods.
stakehold
Access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food must be framed as a human
right, with priority given to the most vulnerable. Policies that promote
Protect
nutrition-sensitive agriculture and food systems are needed, with special
Internatio
attention to the food security and nutrition of children under five, school-age safety mak
children, adolescent girls and women in order to halt the intergenerational protecting
cycle of malnutrition. FAO calls for changes in policies to incentivize the
the relevan
provision and consumption of healthy diets, including marketing regulations have the a
and economic incentives. FAO also facilitates high-level dialogue between WHO, nam
governments and their partners to develop common norms and approaches chain, allo
for sustainable food systems and healthy diets.
acceptable
Rome, 2019, ISBN 978-92-5-131411-1
324 pp., 300 x 290 mm
USD 120.00, Paperback
Available in: Arabic, English, French, Spanish.
Forthcoming in Chinese, Russian
19