atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power | 10.2020

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atw Vol. 65 (2020) | Issue 10 ı October Nuclear power plant units in operation [-] 500 Installed nuclear power plant capacity worldwide [gross, GW = 10 3 MW] 450 524 400 400 300 300 REPORT 200 100 200 100 0 1956 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2019 Year | Fig. 2. Development of the number of nuclear power plants in operations from 1956 to 2019. 0 1956 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 Year | Fig. 3. Development of the gross nuclear power plant capacity in operation from 1956 to 2019. 2019 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Looking at the structural impact of the incidents in Japan and Fukushima on 11 March 2011, it can be ascertained that, in the meantime, they do not have an effect on the number of new construction project and plans worldwide, with the exception of political reactions in Germany, Italy and Switzerland. The development of the number of the commercially operated nuclear power plants worldwide, in addition to the available gross nuclear power plant capacity is depicted in Figure 2 and Figure 3 for the years 1956 to 2019 (1956: year of commissioning the first commercial nuclear power plant, Calder Hall 1, in Great Britain. The first nucleargenerated electricity occurred on 20 December 1951 in the US-American Experimental Breeder Reactor EBR-1.) Also worth noting is the continued capacity increase (Figure 3) in the 1980s, as the nuclear power plants, ordered due the impact of the first oil crisis at the beginning and end of the 1970s, started operations with high capacities per plant averaging 1,000 MWe. Worldwide and in Germany, the commissioning of the nuclear power unit Biblis A in 1974 with 1,225 MWe gross represented an important milestone in the development of high-capacity plants, which were from the beginning designed also technically for a longer operating period of several decades – previously, the pilot plants were also built with the focus on technical feasibility and practicability. Since about 1993, a developmental stagnation can be observed with the number of nuclear power plants and capacity and this is due, on the one hand to the decommissioning of older, prototypical and no longer profitable plants in the USA, Europe and the GUS Electricity production in nuclear power plants [TWh = 10 9 kWh/a] 3,000 Unit capability factor [%] 1956 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 Year | Fig. 4. Development of the nuclear electricity production and plant availability from 1956 to 2019. 100 80 60 40 20 0 2019 states and, on the other, the compensatory expansion of capacities in the Asian region and capacity increases of operating plants. Since the mid-1990s, remarkable increases in capacity have been achieved. With further optimised turbines alone, an increase in capacity of around 5 % can be gained without increasing the reactor capacity. If a construction measure also makes increasing the thermal reactor capacity possible, then the generating capacity in countries such as Mexico, Sweden, the Slovak Republic, the USA and Hungary that are already approved and realised would increase by around 20 %. Until the end of this decade, a cumulated capacity increase totalling 8,000 MW is estimated. This equates to the new construction of about 6 large nuclear power units. In the USA alone, capacity increases totalling approx. 10,000 MWe net have been realised or approved, a further 700 MWe currently to be realised until 2020 have been applied for. With the 443 operating plants at the end of 2019, there were 9 units less in operation than in the hitherto record year 2018 with 452 nuclear power plants. The nuclear power plants worldwide have achieved a approx. 1 % higher result in 2019 compared to the previous year in the net electricity generation with approx. 2,657 billion (109) kWh (2,632 billion kWh, provision details and calculations, cf. Table 1 and Figure 4). In Japan, with the exception of 9 reactor units, all other 24 plants were not connected to the grid for the whole year. The previous best result of nuclear electricity production accounted for 2,658 billion kWh in 2006. Good operating results were reported from the power plants in Belgium, China, Finland, Germany, Russia, Switzerland and the USA. The overall operational reliability of the plants is underlined by the average mean availability for work of all nuclear power plants worldwide (cf. Figure 4). Their average had increased since the mid 1990s. The strong decrease in availability at the beginning of the 1990s is due to the large drop in the availability of plants in the East European states and the GUS states, whose operating data were included consistently in the statistics for the first time. The long-term cessation of individual profitable nuclear power plant, and the quasi whole nuclear power park of Japan as of 2011, also influence the lower average availability in the years 2006 to 2009. Since 2011 the availability is slightly increasing with the commissioning of nuclear power plants in lay-up operation. The Top Ten nuclear power plants in power generation (net) 2019 are: (1) Taishan-1, China, 11.952 TWh; (2) Civaux-1, France, 11.608 TWh; (3) Peach Bottom-2, USA, 11.534 TWh; (4) South Texas-1, USA, 11.515 TWh; Report Nuclear Power World Report 2019
atw Vol. 65 (2020) | Issue 10 ı October (5) Palo Verde-2, USA, 11.434 TWh; (6) Isar-2, Germany, 11.375 TWh; (7) Chooz B-1, France, 11.128 TWh; (8) Susquehanna-1, USA, 11.105 TWh; (9) Grand Gulf-1, USA, 11.032 TWh; (10) Nine Mile Point-2, USA, 10.993 TWh. Worldwide around 84,099 billion (10 9 ) kWh net electricity have cumulatively been produced in nuclear power plants since electricity was first generated from nuclear power. The experience in the nuclear power plant operations amount to approx. 17,250 reactor years. Regarding climate protection, nuclear power plants have avoided about 2.40 billion (10 9 ) t carbon dioxide emisisons 2) in 2019. The emissions avoided through nuclear energy correspond to some 6 % of the current annual emissions worldwide of CO 2 , in the meanwhile over, approx. 35 billion tons. The emissions avoided each year through nuclear power are distinctly higher than the worldwide reduction targets contained in the existing international protocols and agreements on climate protection (Kyoto protocol) for the period 2008 to 2012! * The atw lists nuclear power plants as “operating” as the time when first criticality was attained as a “nuclear” criterion. Other sources refer to the 1st power generation or the start of commercial operation. Nuclear power plants are no longer listed as “operating” when a long-term cessation , i.e. over several years, has been decided. Should the operator possess a valid framework operating approval or no application for the definitive cessation of the operating plant has been submitted, then the operating status is listed as “ lay-up”. (cf. Spain and Japan). 1) The data for gross and net capacities have been revised with reference to “nameplate” data as from 2019 (in particular data for U.S: nuclear power plant units, source: U.S. EIA) 2) The CO 2 reduction factor is based on the average worldwide CO 2 emissions of fossile-fired power plants in countries with NPPs in operation. 525 KTG INSIDE Inside Herzlichen Glückwunsch! Die KTG gratuliert ihren Mitgliedern sehr herzlich zum Geburtstag und wünscht ihnen weiterhin alles Gute! November 2020 45 Jahre | 1975 07. Gregor Beger, Radebeul 55 Jahre | 1965 24. Dipl.-Ing. Angelika Lenz, Krefeld 60 Jahre | 1960 01. Burkhard Hartmann, Schefflenz 77 Jahre | 1943 25. Dr. Holger Teichel, Hemmingen 29. Kurt Frischengruber, Langensendelbach 83 Jahre | 1937 08. Dr. Hartmut Bilger, Ettlingen 19. Dr. Ulrich Tillessen, Waldshut-Tiengen 26. Dr. Armin Hermann, Brugg/ CH 84 Jahre | 1936 10. Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Beliczey, Bergisch Gladbach 20. Dipl.-Ing. Dieter Scholz, Glashütten 85 Jahre | 1935 13. Dr. Aleksandar Stojadinovic, Köln Nachträgliche Geburtstagsnennungen: Oktober 2020 75 Jahre | 1945 22. Michael Schulz, Wesel Wenn Sie künftig eine Erwähnung Ihres Geburtstages in der atw wünschen, teilen Sie dies bitte der KTG- Geschäftsstelle mit. KTG Inside 78 Jahre | 1942 10. Dipl.-Ing. Harald Klinkert, Ründeroth 79 Jahre | 1941 09. Dr. Gotthart Stein, Bonn 80 Jahre | 1940 14. Ing. Uwe Siekmann, Bergisch Gladbach 81 Jahre | 1939 22. Dr. Heinz Koinig, Enzersdorf/ AT 28. Dr. Karl-Heinz Blank, Mannheim 82 Jahre | 1938 19. Dr. Friedrich Reiss, Ketsch 86 Jahre | 1934 03. Dipl.-Phys. Hans-Christoph Breest, St. Augustin 21. Dr. Werner Rudloff, Uttenreuth 26. Dipl.-Ing. Peter Ruße, Dortmund 88 Jahre | 1932 29. Dipl.-Ing. Karl F. Schlupp, Essen 90 Jahre | 1930 24. Dr. Urban Cleve, Dortmund 91 Jahre | 1929 09. Dipl.-Ing. Amandus Brandstetter, Köln Verantwortlich für den Inhalt: Die Autoren. Lektorat: Natalija Cobanov, Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e. V. (KTG) Robert-Koch-Platz 4 10115 Berlin T: +49 30 498555-50 F: +49 30 498555-51 E-Mail: natalija.cobanov@ ktg.org www.ktg.org KTG Inside
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atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power | 10.2020

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