Digital Forensics in Small Devices: RFID Tag Investigation

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monitored by Tripwire for Servers extracted from the Tripwire Manager Report was as shown in the figure below. Figure A7.17: The extracted information of server error log from Tripwire report before the attack The MD5 hash value of the monitoring file was 81F8B1F13AAA2C5FC36142D36638604E as of Tuesday, at 3:30:04pm on the 12 th of October, 2010 before the attack was initiated. 88
Appendix 8: Steps taken after the SQL poisoning attack was initiated Step 1: Assuming that the fake tag was not re-written after the attack. The screenshot of the SI attached with a fake RFID tag was read by the RFID scanner. It revealed the fake tag (ID: Fake tag ID: E0040000E90A4302) was read by the POS at 6:39pm on 12 th October 2010. Hence the injected malicious code was also found as shown in the figure below. Thus, the evidence acquired from the physical tag (fake one) could be mapped with the data acquired from other areas of RFID BS. Figure A8.1: Fake RFID tag was read by the scanner 89
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Digital Forensics in Small Devices:
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iii Acknowledgements This thesis wa
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v Abstract Read/Write Radio Frequen
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vii Table of Contents (Volume 1) De
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ix 3.2.2.2 The POS Entity Security
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xi 4.3.4 Analysis of the Physical D
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xiii List of Tables Table 2.1 Chara
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Figure 4.3: Error encountered durin
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xvii Figure 4.53: Acquisitions of a
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LF Low Frequency xix LLRP Low Level
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process (see Chalasani, Boppana, &
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of potential evidence after an even
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investigation. Likewise, all the re
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practices concerned with the forens
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defines different types of malware
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2.1.1 RFID Transponders or Tags The
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Table 2.1: Characteristics and Clas
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Moreover, depending on the complexi
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However, according to EPCglobal (El
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According to Harmon (2006, pp. 45-4
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2.2.1 Memory Technologies for RFID
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y the reader as the tag‟s address
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wavelength long and depends on the
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Karygiannis et al., (2007, pp. 2-15
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attacker can perform eavesdropping
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2.5 RFID STOCK MANAGEMENT SECURITY
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Figure 2.15: RFID Business System S
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3.0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 3 - Resear
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etrieve data to an external data so
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firstly affect the back-end RFID mi
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Figure 3.2: Scenario 1 illustration
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Unlike SQL Server forensics, the tr
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forensic workstation must be prepar
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Then, the researcher verified the S
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within the affected records”. In
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can also be found not only in the d
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Likewise, Relevancy is related to t
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3.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN In the prev
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e investigated for evidence of the
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3.2.2 Review of Problem Areas in RF
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participants, the Information Syste
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3.2.3 Case Study The researcher int
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3.2.6 Research Question As stated i
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3.2.8 Data Map Figure 3.9: Data Map
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software (see Appendix 4) that can
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and Deng (2007) illustrated two eff
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system of the target machine (Jones
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other collected evidence data by us
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SQL Server artefacts (for the purpo
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presence of digital evidence after
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Figure 4.1: Error encountered durin
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server (Figure 4.6) due to the user
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Section 4.2 include the snippets of
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4.2.2 Live Extraction of Binaries R
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4.2.3.1 Automated Artefact Collecti
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4.2.3.2 Ad Hoc Artefact Collection
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4.2.3.3.1 Active VLF Data After gat
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The acquisition result of ring buff
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Depending on the version of the vic
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syntax was used to acquire a server
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:out E:\SystemDatabaseRoleMembers.t
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However, according to Fowler (2009,
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After collecting the table statisti
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Thus, the result of the current tab
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4.2.3.4.6 Data Page Allocation Arte
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components of database were enabled
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The record of shutting down the ser
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“application logic and extend the
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4.2.3.6.5 SQL Server Error Logs Usu
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4.2.4 Physical Disk Drive Finally,
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Figure 4.56: Analyzing the image co
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could not. Hence, the artefacts cou
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the laboratory to simulate a RFID t
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and confirmed the database was obvi
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SUMMARY: After analysing all the ac
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all the collected digital evidence
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Table 5.5: Secondary Research Quest
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write blocker (Tableau Forensic USB
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collected digital evidence files (b
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5.2.3 Discussion of Conducted Attac
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forensic work-station (Appendix 10)
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forensic test-station for the inves
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the trusted forensic toolkits. In a
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6.0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 6 - Conclu
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Table 6.1: Specific forensic tools
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the evidential data are the importa
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(Chapter 5; Section 5.3) for both d
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Bolan, C. (2007). A single channel
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El-Said, M. M., & Woodring, I. (200
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Hunt, V. D., Puglia, A., & Puglia,
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Kou, D., Zhao, K., Tao, Y., & Kou,
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Notes in Computer Science 5379(2009
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Tripwire, Inc. (2010a). Tripwire Ma
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Digital Forensics in Small Devices:
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Appendix 1: Volatile and Non-volati
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3 Activity Endpoints* ● md5deep N
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Appendix 2: Steps for Creating Radi
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14. Gather the latest versions of W
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The following is the detail record
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COMPLETE 'Logins.txt' (md5=A2993744
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(md5=A2993744A56BA83ADE52948062C968
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'Schemas.htm' (md5=30BB65A20F1381D7
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22:02:26: Hashing 'wft_cfg.txt' (md
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Record any checksum(s) below to lat
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22. Although the extended version o
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Appendix 3: Source Code of the Deve
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{ } else { MessageBox.Show("No read
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} } btnConnect.Enabled = true; btnD
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MessageBox.Show(this, "Connection t
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} } } dwNumEntries = usbRFID.GetNum
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add it to the list box LogItem.szID
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if(fdialog.FileName != "") { FileSt
Page 229 and 230: private string constr = @"Data Sour
Page 231 and 232: } } else { } catch (Exception ex) {
Page 233 and 234: } } } } insertTagtoDB(TagID, TagVal
Page 235 and 236: } break; case ("Protection"): { uiB
Page 237 and 238: } } } //this.Cursor = Cursors.Defau
Page 239 and 240: } } btnReadTag.Enabled = false; tmr
Page 241 and 242: private void insertTagtoDB(string T
Page 243 and 244: } } } private void btnLOGload_Click
Page 245 and 246: Step 4: Then, the Tripwire will per
Page 247 and 248: Similarly, Tripwire user account sh
Page 249 and 250: Figure A5.5: Installation of the Tr
Page 251 and 252: Appendix 6: An Example of the Condu
Page 253 and 254: Sync” allowing the users to confi
Page 255 and 256: Figure A6.8: RFID Sync Application
Page 257 and 258: Figure A6.10: Screenshot of writing
Page 259 and 260: Step 3: Configure the reader’s Ta
Page 261 and 262: Step 8: Edit the Tripwire configura
Page 263 and 264: Step 12: Record of the fictitious l
Page 265 and 266: Step 16: Similarly, check whether t
Page 267 and 268: Step 20: Check the primary database
Page 269 and 270: Appendix 7: Steps taken before the
Page 271 and 272: insert into rfid_log ( Tag, User_da
Page 273 and 274: Figure A7.3: Pre-keyed data in the
Page 275 and 276: Figure A7.7: Pre-keyed data in the
Page 277 and 278: Figure A7.11: Screenshot of Tripwir
Page 279: Step 10: Once Tripwire database was
Page 283 and 284: Step 3: The integrity check was ini
Page 285 and 286: Figure A8.8: Screenshot of the Trip
Page 287 and 288: Figure A8.12: Screenshot of the bac
Page 289 and 290: Figure A9.3: Network Interface Card
Page 291 and 292: Figure A9.7: Enterprise Version of
Page 293 and 294: Appendix 10: Screenshots of Forensi
Page 295 and 296: Appendix 11: Forensically Sterilizi
Page 297 and 298: Figure A11. 4: Wiping all the secto
Page 299 and 300: Appendix 12: Steps for Copying and
Page 301 and 302: Figure A12.6: Acquiring the forensi
Page 303 and 304: 12. However, the acquisition was ca
Page 305 and 306: 15. Then, the original evidence dri
Page 307 and 308: 18. Then, a bad signature file was
Page 309 and 310: Appendix 13: Artefacts Collected by
Page 311 and 312: Figure A13.5: Acquired backend SQL
Page 313 and 314: SQL SERVER - DATABASE SERVER INFORM
Page 315 and 316: Figure A13.15: Fragment of the acqu
Page 317 and 318: Figure A13.18: Result of the Acquir
Page 319 and 320: Figure A13.23: Result of the Acquir
Page 321 and 322: 72CBADAE0A1F9FF34D4A35A9AB26BDB8 Au
Page 323 and 324: 2428169B31C96FE4A767215000AA0008 in
Page 325 and 326: Appendix 15: WFT Tool Log during th
Page 327 and 328: 06:31:36: Verifying 'sql\runsql.bat
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(md5=AB700D66945BBC9FBFA34002A808A2
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[DB Configuration] (md5=F416BF7233E
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(md5=FEDD1E9DF1B76C877B8027B62E401B
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06:32:21: Verifying 'xp\mem.exe' OK
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06:32:22: Verifying 'sysinternals\p
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'uptime.htm' (md5=B7456D103CBF5E49F
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'netlgrp.txt' (md5=E6D74D46AECD9692
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06:32:26: Verifying 'cygwin\cygwin1
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'cmdline.txt' (md5=B44C85C704337F00
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06:32:32: Verifying 'netlatency\ser
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06:32:35: Verifying 'diamondcs\ipli
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(md5=BB5127D25439D1B50A305B1CF865FE
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(md5=647578D95B7F3B11B6CCF833E29670
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06:32:41: Verifying 'perl\re.dll' O
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(md5=C4DA0F6D85F641B3E5A0F065AEDB27
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06:33:15: Verifying '2k\res_kit\dum
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[FILE SYSTEM] (md5=E9D558E387FC2208
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06:33:19: Running 'tools\xp\cmd.exe
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06:33:20: Verifying 'tools\xp\cmd.e
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'sys_ini.txt' (md5=B143A6852C9EF93E
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06:33:22: Running 'xp\at.exe' [#132
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06:33:24: Verifying 'microsoft\reg.
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(md5=4380D8F2014A5C35BF59DF30D079F0
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06:34:09: Running 'xp\gpresult.exe'
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06:34:15: Verifying 'microsoft\regd
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06:34:16: Running 'microsoft\reg.ex
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[DONE] SKIPPED (via '-nowrite' para
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'mail.gif' (md5=38477E98FB3ED60B829
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Step 3: The SQL poisoning attack wa
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Appendix 17: Live Acquisition of Ph
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The problem issue was clearly state
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Figure A17.9: Evidence item informa
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Figure A17.13: Successful creation
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Physical Drive Acquisition Report b
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Figure A18.2: Screenshot of the Acq
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Figure A18.4: Screenshots of the Ac
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Figure A19.2b: Screenshot of the In
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Figure A19.5: Screenshot of the lau
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Figure A19.10: Choosing the OS path
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Figure A19.16: Avoiding the tools t
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Figure A19.21a: WFT tool in action
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Figure A19.22b: The acquisition of
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Appendix 20: Extended wftSQL Batchf
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SET /P USERQUESTION=Use currently l
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Appendix 21_Screenshots of Hashing
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Appendix 22: Hash Values Comparison
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DBO_RFIDlog_tblStat_Date.txt Text 4
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IDE_Image.E06 EnCase Image eaa9522a
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Endpoints.htm Web Page d23eef6404ca
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PSLIST.HTM Web Page 79dbea76b982972
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IPXROUTE.HTM Web Page 97d4e1dd9621b
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PSFILE.HTM Web Page d6d58ad5914ef24
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HKLM_RS.HTM Web Page f756a379df8579
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MDM.HTM Web Page a5e04ce095305295ae
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WFT_CFG.TXT Text 1d378b80f8e0e7ea4f
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PCLIP.TXT Text 037130bf88e524d8f61a
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TLIST_V.TXT Text cdf2d49e302522e370
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HUNT.TXT Text 99553ccd8e14cae6db789
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C_hidden.txt Text 5f45b5367c7ed8852
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HKCU_R.TXT Text 9e7b99199b2931e811a
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ARKAR_US.B BASIC Source Code .E01 e
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CollationAndDataType.txt Text 37a07
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RFID_test.md5 45c0868ea943c2171ff35
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errorlog_4.md5 3f7f86d69760b535bd82
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Appendix 23: Analysis of Acquired S
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2010-10-25 12:37:05.56 Server Serve
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2010-10-05 01:22:55.53 Server Detec
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2010-10-07 15:20:54.21 Server Serve
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2010-10-25 12:17:39.26 Server Serve
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2010-10-03 00:59:55.96 Server Dedic
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2010-10-02 00:11:57.85 Server -d C:
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2010-10-02 02:40:05.35 Server SQL S
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2010-10-01 23:20:15.28 Server Dedic
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2010-10-01 23:14:19.50 Server Using
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2010-10-01 23:20:12.40 Server The S
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2010-10-01 23:12:03.65 spid4s Recov
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processed. Likewise, the acquired r
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Figure 24A.3: There is no record in
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