Digital Forensics in Small Devices: RFID Tag Investigation

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GPSYS.HTM Web Page f3c86becc5bd97408c6c98f105a9033d f3c86becc5bd97408c6c98f105a9033d Yes RUN_HIST.HTM Web Page 203f83a77141742fa6577b28be686953 203f83a77141742fa6577b28be686953 Yes RCNT_DOC.HTM Web Page 7a4e4fac9eb93bdd1d20c17e032d8d75 7a4e4fac9eb93bdd1d20c17e032d8d75 Yes LASTSAVE.HTM Web Page c6271e4393d3a09d3ad0cd688358d660 c6271e4393d3a09d3ad0cd688358d660 Yes INSTALLH.HTM Web Page de48e6481ccee6dabb54a59cba945f3a de48e6481ccee6dabb54a59cba945f3a Yes REGDMP.HTM Web Page 51e651a9495ad2a0183d382068a3edfb 51e651a9495ad2a0183d382068a3edfb Yes hklm_safem<strong>in</strong>.htm Web Page 21c76f57dc5d19a7eb353b6d563031cd 21c76f57dc5d19a7eb353b6d563031cd Yes hklm_safenet.htm Web Page 5727676a6ea203a955b4fc1a4d14048f 5727676a6ea203a955b4fc1a4d14048f Yes IEHV.HTM Web Page 8b4e210bfa88f8426dbb9cb5ef424702 8b4e210bfa88f8426dbb9cb5ef424702 Yes TYPE_URL.HTM Web Page 76be91706908e6636a4e91d099510087 76be91706908e6636a4e91d099510087 Yes SEARCH_H.HTM Web Page a618290a3dacf05978ad39ec6f2d742f a618290a3dacf05978ad39ec6f2d742f Yes pstoreview.htm Web Page 88d7bf3078be7af65b27ec3814b812aa 88d7bf3078be7af65b27ec3814b812aa Yes DOSKEY.HTM Web Page 1458731ac76bf6587b9abf60b5e6f730 1458731ac76bf6587b9abf60b5e6f730 Yes 244
MDM.HTM Web Page a5e04ce095305295ae2d230d8a624a63 a5e04ce095305295ae2d230d8a624a63 Yes ROOTKIT.HTM Web Page db2003ef0e28276f6a60ff1a8e7baa8c db2003ef0e28276f6a60ff1a8e7baa8c Yes END.HTM Web Page 7c7181f3c4eae5eae77ea0bdf548a73a 7c7181f3c4eae5eae77ea0bdf548a73a Yes WFT_HEAD.HTM Web Page d3ff0a02281099ce200b8cb3c44b0fcf d3ff0a02281099ce200b8cb3c44b0fcf Yes wft_splash.js Java Script 90cc848821aefb7e11d01731175a22c4 90cc848821aefb7e11d01731175a22c4 Yes wft_splash.htm Web Page 75689ffb8e54fa562c2cb2f44051a1e2 75689ffb8e54fa562c2cb2f44051a1e2 Yes WFT_LINK.HTM Web Page 8b51153eb5ed9aad154bd8b1873873b1 8b51153eb5ed9aad154bd8b1873873b1 Yes WFT_HELP.HTM Web Page e37c3b9e98c1b86646e56c7602539800 e37c3b9e98c1b86646e56c7602539800 Yes WFT_TOOL.HTM Web Page 9df253f6612f7bfe34c8830041155b4c 9df253f6612f7bfe34c8830041155b4c Yes WFT_MAIN.HTM Web Page 06024a3756b6a1c2594ca5ff643e3108 06024a3756b6a1c2594ca5ff643e3108 Yes WFT_CFG.HTM Web Page df567d7e0808ab01c83d7962ae056fb5 df567d7e0808ab01c83d7962ae056fb5 Yes WFT_HASH.HTM Web Page f1a040556a759801deb5eb19d8e6dbb9 f1a040556a759801deb5eb19d8e6dbb9 Yes WFT_LOG.HTM Web Page a403e6d35cec0fbac30519c7abf1820f a403e6d35cec0fbac30519c7abf1820f Yes 245
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Digital Forensics in Small Devices:
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iii Acknowledgements This thesis wa
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v Abstract Read/Write Radio Frequen
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vii Table of Contents (Volume 1) De
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ix 3.2.2.2 The POS Entity Security
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xi 4.3.4 Analysis of the Physical D
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xiii List of Tables Table 2.1 Chara
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Figure 4.3: Error encountered durin
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xvii Figure 4.53: Acquisitions of a
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LF Low Frequency xix LLRP Low Level
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process (see Chalasani, Boppana, &
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of potential evidence after an even
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investigation. Likewise, all the re
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practices concerned with the forens
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defines different types of malware
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2.1.1 RFID Transponders or Tags The
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Table 2.1: Characteristics and Clas
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Moreover, depending on the complexi
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However, according to EPCglobal (El
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According to Harmon (2006, pp. 45-4
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2.2.1 Memory Technologies for RFID
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y the reader as the tag‟s address
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wavelength long and depends on the
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Karygiannis et al., (2007, pp. 2-15
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attacker can perform eavesdropping
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2.5 RFID STOCK MANAGEMENT SECURITY
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Figure 2.15: RFID Business System S
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3.0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 3 - Resear
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etrieve data to an external data so
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firstly affect the back-end RFID mi
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Figure 3.2: Scenario 1 illustration
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Unlike SQL Server forensics, the tr
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forensic workstation must be prepar
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Then, the researcher verified the S
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within the affected records”. In
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can also be found not only in the d
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Likewise, Relevancy is related to t
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3.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN In the prev
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e investigated for evidence of the
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3.2.2 Review of Problem Areas in RF
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participants, the Information Syste
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3.2.3 Case Study The researcher int
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3.2.6 Research Question As stated i
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3.2.8 Data Map Figure 3.9: Data Map
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software (see Appendix 4) that can
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and Deng (2007) illustrated two eff
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system of the target machine (Jones
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other collected evidence data by us
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SQL Server artefacts (for the purpo
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presence of digital evidence after
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Figure 4.1: Error encountered durin
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server (Figure 4.6) due to the user
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Section 4.2 include the snippets of
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4.2.2 Live Extraction of Binaries R
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4.2.3.1 Automated Artefact Collecti
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4.2.3.2 Ad Hoc Artefact Collection
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4.2.3.3.1 Active VLF Data After gat
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The acquisition result of ring buff
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Depending on the version of the vic
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syntax was used to acquire a server
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:out E:\SystemDatabaseRoleMembers.t
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However, according to Fowler (2009,
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After collecting the table statisti
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Thus, the result of the current tab
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4.2.3.4.6 Data Page Allocation Arte
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components of database were enabled
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The record of shutting down the ser
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“application logic and extend the
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4.2.3.6.5 SQL Server Error Logs Usu
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4.2.4 Physical Disk Drive Finally,
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Figure 4.56: Analyzing the image co
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could not. Hence, the artefacts cou
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the laboratory to simulate a RFID t
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and confirmed the database was obvi
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SUMMARY: After analysing all the ac
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all the collected digital evidence
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Table 5.5: Secondary Research Quest
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write blocker (Tableau Forensic USB
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collected digital evidence files (b
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5.2.3 Discussion of Conducted Attac
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forensic work-station (Appendix 10)
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forensic test-station for the inves
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the trusted forensic toolkits. In a
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6.0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 6 - Conclu
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Table 6.1: Specific forensic tools
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the evidential data are the importa
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(Chapter 5; Section 5.3) for both d
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Bolan, C. (2007). A single channel
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El-Said, M. M., & Woodring, I. (200
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Hunt, V. D., Puglia, A., & Puglia,
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Kou, D., Zhao, K., Tao, Y., & Kou,
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Notes in Computer Science 5379(2009
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Tripwire, Inc. (2010a). Tripwire Ma
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Digital Forensics in Small Devices:
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Appendix 1: Volatile and Non-volati
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3 Activity Endpoints* ● md5deep N
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Appendix 2: Steps for Creating Radi
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14. Gather the latest versions of W
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The following is the detail record
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COMPLETE 'Logins.txt' (md5=A2993744
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(md5=A2993744A56BA83ADE52948062C968
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'Schemas.htm' (md5=30BB65A20F1381D7
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22:02:26: Hashing 'wft_cfg.txt' (md
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Record any checksum(s) below to lat
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22. Although the extended version o
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Appendix 3: Source Code of the Deve
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{ } else { MessageBox.Show("No read
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} } btnConnect.Enabled = true; btnD
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MessageBox.Show(this, "Connection t
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} } } dwNumEntries = usbRFID.GetNum
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add it to the list box LogItem.szID
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if(fdialog.FileName != "") { FileSt
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private string constr = @"Data Sour
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} } else { } catch (Exception ex) {
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} } } } insertTagtoDB(TagID, TagVal
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} break; case ("Protection"): { uiB
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} } } //this.Cursor = Cursors.Defau
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} } btnReadTag.Enabled = false; tmr
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private void insertTagtoDB(string T
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} } } private void btnLOGload_Click
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Step 4: Then, the Tripwire will per
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Similarly, Tripwire user account sh
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Figure A5.5: Installation of the Tr
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Appendix 6: An Example of the Condu
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Sync” allowing the users to confi
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Figure A6.8: RFID Sync Application
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Figure A6.10: Screenshot of writing
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Step 3: Configure the reader’s Ta
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Step 8: Edit the Tripwire configura
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Step 12: Record of the fictitious l
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Step 16: Similarly, check whether t
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Step 20: Check the primary database
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Appendix 7: Steps taken before the
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insert into rfid_log ( Tag, User_da
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Figure A7.3: Pre-keyed data in the
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Figure A7.7: Pre-keyed data in the
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Figure A7.11: Screenshot of Tripwir
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Step 10: Once Tripwire database was
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Appendix 8: Steps taken after the S
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Step 3: The integrity check was ini
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Figure A8.8: Screenshot of the Trip
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Figure A8.12: Screenshot of the bac
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Figure A9.3: Network Interface Card
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Figure A9.7: Enterprise Version of
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Appendix 10: Screenshots of Forensi
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Appendix 11: Forensically Sterilizi
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Figure A11. 4: Wiping all the secto
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Appendix 12: Steps for Copying and
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Figure A12.6: Acquiring the forensi
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12. However, the acquisition was ca
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15. Then, the original evidence dri
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18. Then, a bad signature file was
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Appendix 13: Artefacts Collected by
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Figure A13.5: Acquired backend SQL
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SQL SERVER - DATABASE SERVER INFORM
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Figure A13.15: Fragment of the acqu
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Figure A13.18: Result of the Acquir
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Figure A13.23: Result of the Acquir
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72CBADAE0A1F9FF34D4A35A9AB26BDB8 Au
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2428169B31C96FE4A767215000AA0008 in
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Appendix 15: WFT Tool Log during th
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06:31:36: Verifying 'sql\runsql.bat
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(md5=A7A43C52521F85BDD6683D9E0E4A00
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(md5=AB700D66945BBC9FBFA34002A808A2
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[DB Configuration] (md5=F416BF7233E
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(md5=FEDD1E9DF1B76C877B8027B62E401B
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06:32:21: Verifying 'xp\mem.exe' OK
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06:32:22: Verifying 'sysinternals\p
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'uptime.htm' (md5=B7456D103CBF5E49F
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'netlgrp.txt' (md5=E6D74D46AECD9692
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06:32:26: Verifying 'cygwin\cygwin1
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'cmdline.txt' (md5=B44C85C704337F00
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06:32:32: Verifying 'netlatency\ser
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06:32:35: Verifying 'diamondcs\ipli
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(md5=BB5127D25439D1B50A305B1CF865FE
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(md5=647578D95B7F3B11B6CCF833E29670
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06:32:41: Verifying 'perl\re.dll' O
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(md5=C4DA0F6D85F641B3E5A0F065AEDB27
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06:33:15: Verifying '2k\res_kit\dum
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[FILE SYSTEM] (md5=E9D558E387FC2208
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06:33:19: Running 'tools\xp\cmd.exe
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06:33:20: Verifying 'tools\xp\cmd.e
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'sys_ini.txt' (md5=B143A6852C9EF93E
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06:33:22: Running 'xp\at.exe' [#132
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06:33:24: Verifying 'microsoft\reg.
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(md5=4380D8F2014A5C35BF59DF30D079F0
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06:34:09: Running 'xp\gpresult.exe'
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06:34:15: Verifying 'microsoft\regd
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06:34:16: Running 'microsoft\reg.ex
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[DONE] SKIPPED (via '-nowrite' para
Page 385 and 386: 'mail.gif' (md5=38477E98FB3ED60B829
Page 387 and 388: Step 3: The SQL poisoning attack wa
Page 389 and 390: Appendix 17: Live Acquisition of Ph
Page 391 and 392: The problem issue was clearly state
Page 393 and 394: Figure A17.9: Evidence item informa
Page 395 and 396: Figure A17.13: Successful creation
Page 397 and 398: Physical Drive Acquisition Report b
Page 399 and 400: Figure A18.2: Screenshot of the Acq
Page 401 and 402: Figure A18.4: Screenshots of the Ac
Page 403 and 404: Figure A19.2b: Screenshot of the In
Page 405 and 406: Figure A19.5: Screenshot of the lau
Page 407 and 408: Figure A19.10: Choosing the OS path
Page 409 and 410: Figure A19.16: Avoiding the tools t
Page 411 and 412: Figure A19.21a: WFT tool in action
Page 413 and 414: Figure A19.22b: The acquisition of
Page 415 and 416: Appendix 20: Extended wftSQL Batchf
Page 417 and 418: SET /P USERQUESTION=Use currently l
Page 419 and 420: Appendix 21_Screenshots of Hashing
Page 421 and 422: Appendix 22: Hash Values Comparison
Page 423 and 424: DBO_RFIDlog_tblStat_Date.txt Text 4
Page 425 and 426: IDE_Image.E06 EnCase Image eaa9522a
Page 427 and 428: Endpoints.htm Web Page d23eef6404ca
Page 429 and 430: PSLIST.HTM Web Page 79dbea76b982972
Page 431 and 432: IPXROUTE.HTM Web Page 97d4e1dd9621b
Page 433 and 434: PSFILE.HTM Web Page d6d58ad5914ef24
Page 435: HKLM_RS.HTM Web Page f756a379df8579
Page 439 and 440: WFT_CFG.TXT Text 1d378b80f8e0e7ea4f
Page 441 and 442: PCLIP.TXT Text 037130bf88e524d8f61a
Page 443 and 444: TLIST_V.TXT Text cdf2d49e302522e370
Page 445 and 446: HUNT.TXT Text 99553ccd8e14cae6db789
Page 447 and 448: C_hidden.txt Text 5f45b5367c7ed8852
Page 449 and 450: HKCU_R.TXT Text 9e7b99199b2931e811a
Page 451 and 452: ARKAR_US.B BASIC Source Code .E01 e
Page 453 and 454: CollationAndDataType.txt Text 37a07
Page 455 and 456: RFID_test.md5 45c0868ea943c2171ff35
Page 457 and 458: errorlog_4.md5 3f7f86d69760b535bd82
Page 459 and 460: Appendix 23: Analysis of Acquired S
Page 461 and 462: 2010-10-25 12:37:05.56 Server Serve
Page 463 and 464: 2010-10-05 01:22:55.53 Server Detec
Page 469 and 470: 2010-10-03 00:59:55.96 Server Dedic
Page 471 and 472: 2010-10-02 00:11:57.85 Server -d C:
Page 473 and 474: 2010-10-02 02:40:05.35 Server SQL S
Page 475 and 476: 2010-10-01 23:20:15.28 Server Dedic
Page 477 and 478: 2010-10-01 23:14:19.50 Server Using
Page 479 and 480: 2010-10-01 23:20:12.40 Server The S
Page 481 and 482: 2010-10-01 23:12:03.65 spid4s Recov
Page 483 and 484: processed. Likewise, the acquired r
Page 485: Figure 24A.3: There is no record in
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