Digital Forensics in Small Devices: RFID Tag Investigation

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For dcfldd tool: The following steps/figures are the screenshots of forensically wiping a flash drive by using EnCase Forensics Training Software (Version 6.16.1) that is used as a USB thumb drive dcfldd acquisition tool for all collected data during the investigation. Figure A11. 2: Opening the EnCase on the forensic workstation and click on Tools menu (Step 1) Figure A11. 3: Choose the USB thumb drive to wipe from Local drive (Step 2) 104
Figure A11. 4: Wiping all the sectors of USB drive with hexadecimal values “00” (Step 3) Figure A11. 5: Confirming to wipe the USB drive (Step 4) Figure A11. 6: Screenshot of the wipe process completion (Step 5) 105
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Digital Forensics in Small Devices:
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iii Acknowledgements This thesis wa
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v Abstract Read/Write Radio Frequen
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vii Table of Contents (Volume 1) De
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ix 3.2.2.2 The POS Entity Security
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xi 4.3.4 Analysis of the Physical D
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xiii List of Tables Table 2.1 Chara
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Figure 4.3: Error encountered durin
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xvii Figure 4.53: Acquisitions of a
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LF Low Frequency xix LLRP Low Level
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process (see Chalasani, Boppana, &
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of potential evidence after an even
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investigation. Likewise, all the re
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practices concerned with the forens
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defines different types of malware
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2.1.1 RFID Transponders or Tags The
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Table 2.1: Characteristics and Clas
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Moreover, depending on the complexi
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However, according to EPCglobal (El
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According to Harmon (2006, pp. 45-4
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2.2.1 Memory Technologies for RFID
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y the reader as the tag‟s address
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wavelength long and depends on the
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Karygiannis et al., (2007, pp. 2-15
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attacker can perform eavesdropping
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2.5 RFID STOCK MANAGEMENT SECURITY
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Figure 2.15: RFID Business System S
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3.0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 3 - Resear
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etrieve data to an external data so
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firstly affect the back-end RFID mi
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Figure 3.2: Scenario 1 illustration
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Unlike SQL Server forensics, the tr
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forensic workstation must be prepar
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Then, the researcher verified the S
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within the affected records”. In
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can also be found not only in the d
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Likewise, Relevancy is related to t
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3.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN In the prev
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e investigated for evidence of the
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3.2.2 Review of Problem Areas in RF
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participants, the Information Syste
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3.2.3 Case Study The researcher int
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3.2.6 Research Question As stated i
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3.2.8 Data Map Figure 3.9: Data Map
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software (see Appendix 4) that can
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and Deng (2007) illustrated two eff
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system of the target machine (Jones
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other collected evidence data by us
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SQL Server artefacts (for the purpo
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presence of digital evidence after
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Figure 4.1: Error encountered durin
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server (Figure 4.6) due to the user
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Section 4.2 include the snippets of
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4.2.2 Live Extraction of Binaries R
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4.2.3.1 Automated Artefact Collecti
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4.2.3.2 Ad Hoc Artefact Collection
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4.2.3.3.1 Active VLF Data After gat
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The acquisition result of ring buff
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Depending on the version of the vic
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syntax was used to acquire a server
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:out E:\SystemDatabaseRoleMembers.t
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However, according to Fowler (2009,
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After collecting the table statisti
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Thus, the result of the current tab
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4.2.3.4.6 Data Page Allocation Arte
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components of database were enabled
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The record of shutting down the ser
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“application logic and extend the
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4.2.3.6.5 SQL Server Error Logs Usu
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4.2.4 Physical Disk Drive Finally,
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Figure 4.56: Analyzing the image co
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could not. Hence, the artefacts cou
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the laboratory to simulate a RFID t
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and confirmed the database was obvi
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SUMMARY: After analysing all the ac
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all the collected digital evidence
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Table 5.5: Secondary Research Quest
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write blocker (Tableau Forensic USB
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collected digital evidence files (b
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5.2.3 Discussion of Conducted Attac
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forensic work-station (Appendix 10)
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forensic test-station for the inves
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the trusted forensic toolkits. In a
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6.0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 6 - Conclu
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Table 6.1: Specific forensic tools
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the evidential data are the importa
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(Chapter 5; Section 5.3) for both d
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Bolan, C. (2007). A single channel
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El-Said, M. M., & Woodring, I. (200
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Hunt, V. D., Puglia, A., & Puglia,
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Kou, D., Zhao, K., Tao, Y., & Kou,
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Notes in Computer Science 5379(2009
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Tripwire, Inc. (2010a). Tripwire Ma
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Digital Forensics in Small Devices:
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Appendix 1: Volatile and Non-volati
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3 Activity Endpoints* ● md5deep N
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Appendix 2: Steps for Creating Radi
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14. Gather the latest versions of W
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The following is the detail record
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COMPLETE 'Logins.txt' (md5=A2993744
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(md5=A2993744A56BA83ADE52948062C968
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'Schemas.htm' (md5=30BB65A20F1381D7
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22:02:26: Hashing 'wft_cfg.txt' (md
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Record any checksum(s) below to lat
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22. Although the extended version o
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Appendix 3: Source Code of the Deve
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{ } else { MessageBox.Show("No read
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} } btnConnect.Enabled = true; btnD
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MessageBox.Show(this, "Connection t
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} } } dwNumEntries = usbRFID.GetNum
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add it to the list box LogItem.szID
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if(fdialog.FileName != "") { FileSt
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private string constr = @"Data Sour
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} } else { } catch (Exception ex) {
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} } } } insertTagtoDB(TagID, TagVal
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} break; case ("Protection"): { uiB
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} } } //this.Cursor = Cursors.Defau
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} } btnReadTag.Enabled = false; tmr
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private void insertTagtoDB(string T
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} } } private void btnLOGload_Click
Page 245 and 246: Step 4: Then, the Tripwire will per
Page 247 and 248: Similarly, Tripwire user account sh
Page 249 and 250: Figure A5.5: Installation of the Tr
Page 251 and 252: Appendix 6: An Example of the Condu
Page 253 and 254: Sync” allowing the users to confi
Page 255 and 256: Figure A6.8: RFID Sync Application
Page 257 and 258: Figure A6.10: Screenshot of writing
Page 259 and 260: Step 3: Configure the reader’s Ta
Page 261 and 262: Step 8: Edit the Tripwire configura
Page 263 and 264: Step 12: Record of the fictitious l
Page 265 and 266: Step 16: Similarly, check whether t
Page 267 and 268: Step 20: Check the primary database
Page 269 and 270: Appendix 7: Steps taken before the
Page 271 and 272: insert into rfid_log ( Tag, User_da
Page 273 and 274: Figure A7.3: Pre-keyed data in the
Page 275 and 276: Figure A7.7: Pre-keyed data in the
Page 277 and 278: Figure A7.11: Screenshot of Tripwir
Page 279 and 280: Step 10: Once Tripwire database was
Page 281 and 282: Appendix 8: Steps taken after the S
Page 283 and 284: Step 3: The integrity check was ini
Page 285 and 286: Figure A8.8: Screenshot of the Trip
Page 287 and 288: Figure A8.12: Screenshot of the bac
Page 289 and 290: Figure A9.3: Network Interface Card
Page 291 and 292: Figure A9.7: Enterprise Version of
Page 293 and 294: Appendix 10: Screenshots of Forensi
Page 295: Appendix 11: Forensically Sterilizi
Page 299 and 300: Appendix 12: Steps for Copying and
Page 301 and 302: Figure A12.6: Acquiring the forensi
Page 303 and 304: 12. However, the acquisition was ca
Page 305 and 306: 15. Then, the original evidence dri
Page 307 and 308: 18. Then, a bad signature file was
Page 309 and 310: Appendix 13: Artefacts Collected by
Page 311 and 312: Figure A13.5: Acquired backend SQL
Page 313 and 314: SQL SERVER - DATABASE SERVER INFORM
Page 315 and 316: Figure A13.15: Fragment of the acqu
Page 317 and 318: Figure A13.18: Result of the Acquir
Page 319 and 320: Figure A13.23: Result of the Acquir
Page 321 and 322: 72CBADAE0A1F9FF34D4A35A9AB26BDB8 Au
Page 323 and 324: 2428169B31C96FE4A767215000AA0008 in
Page 325 and 326: Appendix 15: WFT Tool Log during th
Page 327 and 328: 06:31:36: Verifying 'sql\runsql.bat
Page 329 and 330: (md5=A7A43C52521F85BDD6683D9E0E4A00
Page 331 and 332: (md5=AB700D66945BBC9FBFA34002A808A2
Page 333 and 334: [DB Configuration] (md5=F416BF7233E
Page 335 and 336: (md5=FEDD1E9DF1B76C877B8027B62E401B
Page 337 and 338: 06:32:21: Verifying 'xp\mem.exe' OK
Page 339 and 340: 06:32:22: Verifying 'sysinternals\p
Page 341 and 342: 'uptime.htm' (md5=B7456D103CBF5E49F
Page 343 and 344: 'netlgrp.txt' (md5=E6D74D46AECD9692
Page 345 and 346: 06:32:26: Verifying 'cygwin\cygwin1
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'cmdline.txt' (md5=B44C85C704337F00
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06:32:32: Verifying 'netlatency\ser
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06:32:35: Verifying 'diamondcs\ipli
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(md5=BB5127D25439D1B50A305B1CF865FE
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(md5=647578D95B7F3B11B6CCF833E29670
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06:32:41: Verifying 'perl\re.dll' O
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(md5=C4DA0F6D85F641B3E5A0F065AEDB27
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06:33:15: Verifying '2k\res_kit\dum
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[FILE SYSTEM] (md5=E9D558E387FC2208
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06:33:19: Running 'tools\xp\cmd.exe
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06:33:20: Verifying 'tools\xp\cmd.e
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'sys_ini.txt' (md5=B143A6852C9EF93E
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06:33:22: Running 'xp\at.exe' [#132
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06:33:24: Verifying 'microsoft\reg.
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(md5=4380D8F2014A5C35BF59DF30D079F0
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06:34:09: Running 'xp\gpresult.exe'
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06:34:15: Verifying 'microsoft\regd
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06:34:16: Running 'microsoft\reg.ex
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[DONE] SKIPPED (via '-nowrite' para
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'mail.gif' (md5=38477E98FB3ED60B829
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Step 3: The SQL poisoning attack wa
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Appendix 17: Live Acquisition of Ph
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The problem issue was clearly state
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Figure A17.9: Evidence item informa
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Figure A17.13: Successful creation
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Physical Drive Acquisition Report b
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Figure A18.2: Screenshot of the Acq
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Figure A18.4: Screenshots of the Ac
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Figure A19.2b: Screenshot of the In
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Figure A19.5: Screenshot of the lau
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Figure A19.10: Choosing the OS path
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Figure A19.16: Avoiding the tools t
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Figure A19.21a: WFT tool in action
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Figure A19.22b: The acquisition of
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Appendix 20: Extended wftSQL Batchf
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SET /P USERQUESTION=Use currently l
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Appendix 21_Screenshots of Hashing
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Appendix 22: Hash Values Comparison
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DBO_RFIDlog_tblStat_Date.txt Text 4
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IDE_Image.E06 EnCase Image eaa9522a
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Endpoints.htm Web Page d23eef6404ca
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PSLIST.HTM Web Page 79dbea76b982972
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IPXROUTE.HTM Web Page 97d4e1dd9621b
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PSFILE.HTM Web Page d6d58ad5914ef24
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HKLM_RS.HTM Web Page f756a379df8579
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MDM.HTM Web Page a5e04ce095305295ae
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WFT_CFG.TXT Text 1d378b80f8e0e7ea4f
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PCLIP.TXT Text 037130bf88e524d8f61a
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TLIST_V.TXT Text cdf2d49e302522e370
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HUNT.TXT Text 99553ccd8e14cae6db789
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C_hidden.txt Text 5f45b5367c7ed8852
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HKCU_R.TXT Text 9e7b99199b2931e811a
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ARKAR_US.B BASIC Source Code .E01 e
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CollationAndDataType.txt Text 37a07
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RFID_test.md5 45c0868ea943c2171ff35
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errorlog_4.md5 3f7f86d69760b535bd82
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Appendix 23: Analysis of Acquired S
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2010-10-25 12:37:05.56 Server Serve
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2010-10-05 01:22:55.53 Server Detec
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2010-10-07 15:20:54.21 Server Serve
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2010-10-25 12:17:39.26 Server Serve
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2010-10-03 00:59:55.96 Server Dedic
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2010-10-02 00:11:57.85 Server -d C:
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2010-10-02 02:40:05.35 Server SQL S
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2010-10-01 23:20:15.28 Server Dedic
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2010-10-01 23:14:19.50 Server Using
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2010-10-01 23:20:12.40 Server The S
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2010-10-01 23:12:03.65 spid4s Recov
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processed. Likewise, the acquired r
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Figure 24A.3: There is no record in
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