Coming of Age : 1976 and the Road to Anti-Racism

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Portraits from South Shields Globalisation is not a modern phenomenon, the British Empire was global, not just in in trade, but people also travelled across the Empire. Men came from across the Caribbean, India, Somalia, Yemen and many other countries. The first Yemenis came to Britain in the 1850s. The country’s first community was in Hull, but in time smaller pockets developed up the North East coastline, and inland across South Yorkshire, in Sheffield and Rotherham. They came from the port city of Aden in Yemen, which was under British control, working on the ships that fuelled the economy of the British Empire. The community in South Shields started around the 1850s, and more formal records show that several hundred were living here in the 1890s. The community was settled, The men married, often local women, had families, opened shops, boarding houses, mosques and by the 1900s they were a fully integrated part of the local community. We see similar patterns of migration in London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Cardiff and Bristol. This changed in 1919, and the aftermath of World War 1 a combination of factors gave rise to a consciousness of white nationalism, and rampant racism ravaged the community for the first time in 70 years. It resulted in racist murders, deportations of black men, and many families and communities were torn apart. 12 | Coming of Age Coming of Age Final version 16.10.indd 12 17/10/2017 12:06
Above : Left: Amin Hamid, pictured here as a young man. He was born in 1919, the son of a Yemeni seaman and his English wife. Like many of the sons born into the Arab community, he followed his father into seafaring. (Courtesy of Mr Norman Hassan) Left : Norman Hassan, with Amin Kaid and firend Nasser, South Shields (Courtesy of Norman Hassan) Coming of Age | 13 Coming of Age Final version 16.10.indd 13 17/10/2017 12:06
Page 1 and 2: Coming of Age 1976 and the road to
Page 3 and 4: Coming of Age : 1976 and the road t
Page 5 and 6: Table of contents Introduction Sout
Page 7 and 8: Sisters began. These two organisati
Page 9 and 10: Coming of Age | 9 Coming of Age Fin
Page 11: Part 1 1919-1976 Coming of Age | 11
Page 15 and 16: Introduction to Part 1 Since Britai
Page 17 and 18: founded by George Padmore in 1937 a
Page 19 and 20: Black 1919 : Riots, Racism and Resi
Page 21 and 22: ‘Britishers first’ was the over
Page 23 and 24: Anxieties concerning class, public
Page 25 and 26: “I am seriously concerned at the
Page 27 and 28: secure the British Empire? Why can
Page 29 and 30: y without a plot, a Nigerian charac
Page 31 and 32: From resistance to rebellion : a jo
Page 33 and 34: PHOTOs : Top left Sir Oswald Mosley
Page 35 and 36: PHOTOs : Top left Demonstration aga
Page 37 and 38: From Resistance to Rebellion Reprod
Page 39 and 40: A racial division of labour (contin
Page 41 and 42: tute racial discrimination, and the
Page 43 and 44: was nationalised. If labour from th
Page 45 and 46: tin Luther King’s civil rights mo
Page 47 and 48: victory. (a Jamaican was shot and k
Page 49 and 50: Some issues, however, embraced the
Page 51 and 52: and Michael X. But Egbuna’s impri
Page 53 and 54: country to country before eventuall
Page 55 and 56: lentlessly persecuted its owner. Fr
Page 57 and 58: unionists to back the workers in of
Page 59 and 60: attacks on the ‘Asian invaders’
Page 61 and 62: In the same month, in the run-up to
Page 63 and 64:
against the frame. The frame had to
Page 65 and 66:
Claudia Jones Top left : Claudia Jo
Page 67 and 68:
A Peoples’ Art is the Genesis of
Page 69 and 70:
Kingdom together as never before, d
Page 71 and 72:
Top left :Ben Okri, James Kelman an
Page 73 and 74:
Changing Britannia through the Arts
Page 75 and 76:
struggles of the masses of working
Page 77 and 78:
cally had had to leave the Caribbea
Page 79 and 80:
New Beacon provided stocks of books
Page 81 and 82:
continuum and all have the issue of
Page 83 and 84:
Part 2 1976 Coming of Age | 83 Comi
Page 85 and 86:
Introduction to Part 2 As you have
Page 87 and 88:
These individuals came to the Youth
Page 89 and 90:
Timeline of events in 1976 03 Janua
Page 91 and 92:
02 May 1976 New of the World headli
Page 93 and 94:
Police arrest 2 demonstrators after
Page 95 and 96:
26 June 1976 Labour MP for Ealing-S
Page 97 and 98:
01 September 1976 Demands for publi
Page 99 and 100:
Coming of Age | 99 Coming of Age Fi
Page 101 and 102:
PHOTOS CAPTION. Above : Southall Un
Page 103 and 104:
The need for unity : an interview w
Page 105 and 106:
This was happening not to me alone,
Page 107 and 108:
HP: How did the Commonwealth Immigr
Page 109 and 110:
VS: There was the IWA and other org
Page 111 and 112:
There are sometimes differences on
Page 113 and 114:
Above : Almost immediately after th
Page 115 and 116:
PHOTOS Above left and right : Photo
Page 117 and 118:
Karamjit Chaggar The brother of Gur
Page 119 and 120:
The famly received many letters of
Page 121 and 122:
Suresh Grover Here, Suresh Grover o
Page 123 and 124:
No one warned me of the approaching
Page 125 and 126:
Left : Suresh Grover in 1976 swampe
Page 127 and 128:
Avtar Brah How did you become polit
Page 129 and 130:
weren’t many women involved in SY
Page 131 and 132:
to women’s experiences. We had to
Page 133 and 134:
Balraj Purewal How did you develop
Page 135 and 136:
we identified with that and we like
Page 137 and 138:
By the time we met them, Southall I
Page 139 and 140:
Grunwick Dispute PHOTOS Above :Mass
Page 141 and 142:
Coming of Age | 141 Coming of Age F
Page 143 and 144:
Laxmiben Patel Harsha Ahyave, talks
Page 145 and 146:
mainly Asian were scared, but not m
Page 147 and 148:
My Political Journey to Grunwick an
Page 149 and 150:
Struggles in India I was also keepi
Page 151 and 152:
evisionist organisation, but also s
Page 153 and 154:
We worked with Jayaben to persuade
Page 155 and 156:
man rights, women’s rights, or ev
Page 157 and 158:
nalism in India by the Sangh Pariva
Page 159 and 160:
Notting Hill ‘76 PHOTOS Top left,
Page 161 and 162:
Stafford Scott Coordinator of Totte
Page 163 and 164:
victim of a crime or any witnesses
Page 165 and 166:
so I cupped mine and took the trunc
Page 167 and 168:
Cecil Guztmore This article first a
Page 169 and 170:
costume bands from that same part o
Page 171 and 172:
spread to envelop large areas of th
Page 173 and 174:
Gurinder Chadha The folllowing is p
Page 175 and 176:
the rockers, marching and chanting
Page 177 and 178:
Endnotes Coming of Age | 177 Coming
Page 179 and 180:
When Black was a political colour:
Page 181 and 182:
... it is also abundantly clear tha
Page 183 and 184:
certain issues (for example, workin
Page 185 and 186:
published short fiction and non-fic
Page 187 and 188:
Coming of Age | 187 Coming of Age F
Page 189 and 190:
Art, Activism, Race and Social Just
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Industrial disputes involving black
Page 205 and 206:
Dec-70 Apr-71 Birmid Qualcast found
Page 207 and 208:
Sep-73 Nov-73 Qualcast Lawn Moers S
Page 209 and 210:
Aug-74 Aug-74 Kenilworth Components
Page 211 and 212:
Jaqueline Jenkinson : Black Britain
Page 213 and 214:
A Sivanandan : From Rebellion to Ri
Page 215 and 216:
1980). 64. Juries, opined Sir Rober
Page 217 and 218:
West Indian Gazette. 17. It was lat
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Coming of Age : 1976 and the Road to Anti-Racism

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