Coming of Age : 1976 and the Road to Anti-Racism

A Sivanandan : From Rebellion to Riots
1. Ruth Glass and Harold Pollins, Newcomers, London: ban Studies and George Alien & Unwin, I960.
2. D.R. Manley, The social structure of the Liverpool Negro community’ with special reference to the
formations of formal associations7 published thesis (1958).
3. 3. Keys, Vol. 3, no. 2, October-December 1925.
4. 4. Edward Scobie, Black Britannia, Chicago: Johnson Publishing
5. it sprang Link Carib, Anglo-Canbbean News, Tropic, Flamingo Daylight International West Indies
Observer, Manget and others.
6. “Without integration, limitation is inexcusable, without limitation integration is impossible’ Roy
Hattersely, 1965
7. That Fenner Brockway, a ceasless campaigner for colonial freedom had introduced a Private
Member’s anti-dissemination bill year after year from 1951 had. of course, made no impact on
Labour consciousness.
8. West Indies Observer, Vol. 1, no. 19, 4 May 1963.
9. West Indies Observer, Vol. 1, no. 22, 15 June 1963.
10. West Indies Observer, No. 36, 18 January 1964.
11. Joseph A. Hunte, Nigger Hunting in England, London: West Indian Standing Conference, 1965.
12. Commonwealth Immigration Advisory Council, Second Report, London, 1964.
13. Department of Education Circular 7/65, London, 1965.
14. Paul Foot, The strike at Courtaulds, Preston’, IRR Newsletter Supplement, July 1965.
15. Peter Marsh, The Anatomy of a Strike, London: Institute of Race Relations, 1967.
16. Raas, a Jamaican swear word, gave a West Indian flavour to Black Power. I remember the time in
South London when an old black woman was being jostled and pushed out of a bus queue. Michael
went up and stood behind her, an ill-concealed machete in his hand — and the line of white queues
vanished before her — and she entered the bus like royalty.
17. The National Federation of Pakistani Associations was formed in 1963.
18. Times News Team, The Black Man in Search of Power, London: Nelson, 1968.
19. A. Sivanandan, Race and resistance: the IRR story, London: IRH, 1974. See also Jenny Bourne and
A. Sivanandan, cheerleaders and ombudsmen: the sociology of race relations in Britain*, Race &
Class, Vol. XXI, no. 4, 1980.
20. In real life and real struggle, the economic, the political and the ideological move in concert with
sometimes one and sometimes the other striking the dominant note —but orchestrated, always, by
the mode of production. It is only the Marxist textualisms who are preoccupied with determinisms,
economic and otherwise.
21. E. Dilip Hiro. Black British. ‘White British, Harmondsworth: Penguin,
22. The Times (24 October 1967) quoted in IRR Newsletter, December 24. IRR Newsletter, December
1967.
23. The Times (24 October 1967)
24. IRR Newsletter, December 1967
25. Ibid.
26. Such as the Naxalites, Adivasis, Dalit Panthers in India, and the Pakhtun. Sindhi and Baluchi
oppressed people’s movements in Pakistan. In 1974 organisations of untouchables in Britain came
together at the (new) IRR to organise an International Conference on Untouchability (which for
financial reasons never got off the ground).
27. Quoted in EJ.B. Rose et at, Colour and Citizenship. London: Oxford University Press for IRR, 1969.
28. There were in fact about 66,000 at this time who were entitled to settle in Britain.
29. Jagmohan Joshi, quoted in C. Karadia, The BPA’, IRR Newsletter, June 1968.
30. A reference to Powell’s Birmingham speech (April 1968) in which he said: ‘As I look ahead, I am filled
with foreboding. Like the Roman, I seem to see “the River Tiber foaming with much blood”.’
31. The Bill proposed to give immigrants who were refused entry the right of appeal to a tribunal.
32. A. Sivanandan, ‘Imperialism and disorganic development in the silicon age’, see pp. 143-61 below.
33. JCWI was set up in 1967 as a one-man welfare service for incoming dependants at Heathrow Airport,
but later burgeoned into a case-work and campaigning organisation.
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