Cover:Serum Institute Burj Khalifa - Elevator World India
Cover:Serum Institute Burj Khalifa - Elevator World India
Cover:Serum Institute Burj Khalifa - Elevator World India
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<strong>Burj</strong> <strong>Khalifa</strong><br />
2,600 feet<br />
Dubai 2010<br />
Figure 1: <strong>World</strong>’s tallest<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10<br />
Taipei 101<br />
1,667 feet<br />
Taipei 2004<br />
Shanghai <strong>World</strong><br />
Financial Center<br />
1,614 feet<br />
Shanghai 2008<br />
Petronas<br />
Towers 1&2<br />
1,483 feet<br />
Kuala Lumpur<br />
1998<br />
that selected sky-lobby shuttles and the building service<br />
elevators should be equipped with special “lifeboat” elevator<br />
evacuation controls, clearing functions and operations.<br />
The selected evacuation elevators were set up with the<br />
following features:<br />
1. Full-time emergency standby-power provisions for<br />
each elevator<br />
2. ASME A17.1 <strong>Elevator</strong> Code Mandated Firefighters’<br />
Phase 1 (return) and Phase 2 (Firefighter’s) Operations<br />
3. ASME A17.1 <strong>Elevator</strong> Code required 125% of design<br />
load platforms, slings and suspensions so that the<br />
elevators cannot be overloaded and “stuck” during full<br />
load evacuations<br />
4. Remote hoistway-clearing test runs, on board car-top<br />
closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras, lights and<br />
building-management-system video screens, in-cab<br />
Willis Tower<br />
1,451 feet<br />
Chicago<br />
1974<br />
Trump<br />
International<br />
Hotel &<br />
Tower<br />
1,389 feet<br />
Chicago 2009<br />
Jin Mao<br />
Building<br />
1,381 feet<br />
Shanghai<br />
1999<br />
Two<br />
International<br />
Finance Center<br />
1,362 feet<br />
Hong Kong<br />
2003<br />
CITIC Plaza<br />
1,280 feet<br />
Guangzhou<br />
1996<br />
Shun Hing<br />
Square<br />
1,260 feet<br />
Shenzhen<br />
1996<br />
CCTV cameras and intercom communications with<br />
fire attendants/monitors. Test runs not required for<br />
fire-only evacuations.<br />
5. In-cab individual, key-operated car attendant operations,<br />
floor selections and constant-pressure doorclose<br />
buttons.<br />
6. Express-run lifeboat selections only to run between<br />
two stops: the upper, designated evacuations floor<br />
(usually a sky lobby or area of refuge [AOR} floor) and<br />
the ground (exiting) level(s).<br />
The designated evacuation elevators, when on<br />
“lifeboat” attendant operations, are designed to evacuate<br />
their designated sky lobby or refuge floor populations in<br />
less than 60 minutes.<br />
<strong>Elevator</strong> Hoistway Venting and Stack<br />
Effect Mitigations<br />
From the adoption of the first elevator design<br />
codes, there have always been provisions to provide<br />
the top of high-rise elevator shafts with hoistway<br />
venting to the outside air. The vents consisted<br />
of about 3 square feet (0.3 square meters) of open<br />
area, with the intended purpose of venting hot<br />
smoke and gases that may accumulate at the top of<br />
the elevator hoistway during a building or pit fire<br />
and to prevent flashover “ball fire” from reigniting<br />
after the main building fire was extinguished.<br />
With the development of modern elevators,<br />
equipped with car and counterweight roller guide<br />
shoes, running on milled steel rails, the older type<br />
greased and oiled solid guide shoes, sometimes<br />
running on wooden rails, were no longer used. The<br />
application of roller guides and steel rails dramatically<br />
reduced the accumulation of combustible<br />
materials in the elevator pits, which can eliminate<br />
the frequency of pit and hoistway fires, and the<br />
need for hoistway vents. Continued<br />
• Issue 4, Volume 3 • elevatorworldindia.com<br />
49
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