A.D. 381 heretics, pagans, and the dawn of the monotheistic state ( PDFDrive )

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15 Quoted in Bainton, p.24.16 Israel, p.63. For the revival of religious toleration, see in particular ChapterSix, ‘Locke, Bayle, and Spinoza: A Contest of Three Toleration Doctrines’.Conclusion1 An excellent introduction to Torrance is McGrath, T. F. Torrance. The firstquotation is from a lecture given by Torrance entitled ‘The Christian Doctrine ofRevelation’ and quoted in ibid., p.135. The second quotation comes fromTorrance, p.153.2 Torrance, p.30.3 See ibid., pp.236-42. In their attempts to rebut charges that they were teachingthree gods, the Cappadocians created ‘a damaging distinction between the Deityof the Father as wholly underived or “uncaused” and the deity of the Son and theSpirit as eternally derived or “caused”’ (p.238).4 Ibid., pp.244-7. As Athanasius died in 373 and there is no record thatEpiphanius attended the Council of Constantinople, the process by which thosemeeting at Constantinople might have taken over Epiphanius’ ‘credal statementabout the Holy Spirit’ and incorporated it into their creed is not clear. Note alsothe view of many scholars that ‘the credal statement’ is a later insertion.5 See ‘Orthodox Catholicism in the West’, pp.349-57 in Pelikan, The ChristianTradition.6 Gwatkin, p.266.7 Crane and Farkas.8 See, for instance, the essays in Buxton.9 Of course, one can take this challenge back to the re-emergence of Aristotle inthe thirteenth century, but Aristotle was absorbed as one more form ofauthoritarian dogma while Galileo and Newton, inter alia, were genuinely able toextend the scope of what could be known. In his Aristotelean Explorations,Geoffrey Lloyd shows how Aristotle always accepted the provisionality ofknowledge. New facts could always challenge old theories. While Aristotlewould doubtless have been glad to have been brought back into the western
intellectual tradition by Aquinas and others, he would have been disappointed bythe way his thought had become dogmatic. Galileo got it right when hesuggested that Aristotle would have welcomed the way he, Galileo, challengedsome of Aristotle’s assertions. This was the true spirit of scientific enquiry.
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Table of ContentsTitle PageCopyrigh
Page 8:
For my children, Barney, Issie, Tom
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PREFACEIN 1999 I signed a contract
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case discussed in this book, one ca
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to ask which of the enormously wide
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centred introduction to critical th
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essential. The Trinity consists of
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discussion of spiritual matters was
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borders, which ran along the rivers
Page 26 and 27:
Valentinian’s own commanders were
Page 28 and 29:
of booty from further raiding. Duri
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of the major cities of the east. As
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IITHE DIVINE EMPERORIN 363, the cou
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Constantine is God’s viceregent o
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Rome in 357, the first time he had
Page 38 and 39:
result that a complex of interlocki
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the first time, a budget could be p
Page 42 and 43:
The events of the next three years
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circumstances, Themistius’ panegy
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IIIFREE SPEECH IN THE CLASSICAL WOR
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be counterproductive. Diodotus went
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of the Forms. Once they had underst
Page 52 and 53:
Even though only a tiny proportion
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and imagery of the Bible. He was re
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others of one’s own beliefs, and
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IVTHE COMING OF THE CHRISTIAN STATE
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Irenaeus, bishop of the (Greek-spea
Page 62 and 63:
forward an alternative tradition of
Page 64 and 65:
important provinces of Egypt and Sy
Page 66 and 67:
Hill. These buildings were plain on
Page 68 and 69:
his ‘betrayal’ would have to be
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included) is a collection of a very
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philosophy, not from scripture. It
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reinstated in his bishopric in 327,
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However, mainstream Christian teach
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somewhere between God and the mater
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AD 200. In Tertullian’s Trinity,
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discussions about the way in which
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Church was now firmly embedded with
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Creator. The incarnation of this fu
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of Megara, Simonides, and Pindar, a
Page 90 and 91:
to the Nicenes, he kept his persona
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VITHE SWANSONG OF FREE SPEECH: THE
Page 94 and 95:
Each year in April the grain ships
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about the issues openly - when Greg
Page 98 and 99:
McGluckin suggests that Gregory may
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linking of soul to body, of intelle
Page 102 and 103:
Jesus that suffers alongside a divi
Page 104 and 105:
unaware that behind Maximus lay the
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VIICONSTANTINOPLE, 381: THE IMPOSIT
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have been used loosely of subordina
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and Antioch without a bishop. The a
Page 112 and 113:
majority of the Nicene bishops by b
Page 114 and 115:
not yet consecrated) and Alexandria
Page 116 and 117:
381 and allowing the Church as a wh
Page 118 and 119:
his own and that he put in place as
Page 120 and 121:
his ideas on the Trinity, but then
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was afraid of.In 379, Ambrose met t
Page 124 and 125:
Instead of the great council of the
Page 126 and 127:
Arcadius the status of an Augustus
Page 128 and 129:
faith, they issued a law on 23 Janu
Page 130 and 131:
Homoian faith as a price for his su
Page 132 and 133:
governor concerning the sacking of
Page 134 and 135:
spaces’ - in other words, to keep
Page 136 and 137:
Certainly Theodosius had become awa
Page 138 and 139:
restored into the 380s, but shortly
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Serapis. Symmachus’ son married N
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threatening Attila with death if he
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XEPIPHANIUS’ WITCHHUNTDURING the
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the use of allegory; he accepted th
Page 148 and 149:
come to Bethlehem to work on his tr
Page 150 and 151:
that in Christ I am as submissive t
Page 152 and 153:
boundaries of orthodoxy were consta
Page 154 and 155:
The use of the law to provide a res
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followed. When, in 457, the emperor
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Similar examples are recorded of th
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carried out miracles and as human w
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also in 435, it decreed ‘that Ire
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imperial officials now drew up thei
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Justinian also tried to find a solu
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the west - but these could be treat
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of Paul. In the Greek world, in the
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can only be made righteous through
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saved. Why God picks out anyone fro
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trust in God and the authority of t
Page 178 and 179:
subordinate being to one who does t
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was no Trinity, so little does the
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writing at a time of political and
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XIIICOLLAPSE IN THE CHRISTIAN WESTA
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of a high standard. Excavations sho
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power was the conversions of Arian
Page 190 and 191:
has perished from among us and no o
Page 192 and 193:
formula in his calculation of the
Page 194 and 195: programme was one of renovatio, ‘
Page 196 and 197: XIVFAITH, REASON AND THE TRINITYWIT
Page 198 and 199: was the most prestigious - teachers
Page 200 and 201: is no progress... This is the sure
Page 202 and 203: reasoned defence of the Trinity and
Page 204 and 205: the doctrine of the Trinity could b
Page 206 and 207: CONCLUSIONWe must not see the fact
Page 208 and 209: Torrance’s argument is presented
Page 210 and 211: doctrine of the human and divine na
Page 212 and 213: which the relationships between God
Page 214 and 215: historical reality, that the Nicene
Page 216 and 217: come again to judge the living and
Page 218 and 219: NOTES1 For details, see Select Bibl
Page 220 and 221: Chapter Two: The Divine Emperor1 I
Page 222 and 223: Chapter Three: Free Speech in the C
Page 224 and 225: Chapter Four: The Coming of the Chr
Page 226 and 227: Chapter Five: True God from True Go
Page 228 and 229: Chapter Six: The Swansong of Free S
Page 230 and 231: Chapter Eight: Ambrose and the Poli
Page 232 and 233: them back on to the bodies of the f
Page 234 and 235: over Origen and warn their flocks o
Page 236 and 237: Chapter Eleven: Enforcing the Law1
Page 238 and 239: 30 For the Council of Constantinopl
Page 240 and 241: 15 Gunton, p.39. It was argued by I
Page 242 and 243: eastern monastery at this period, o
Page 246 and 247: SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHYNote: the easies
Page 248 and 249: Fossier, Robert (ed.), The Cambridg
Page 250 and 251: Mackay, Christopher S., Ancient Rom
Page 252 and 253: Philadelphia, 2002.Van Dam, Raymond
Page 254 and 255: Ambrose, Bishop of Milan and afterl
Page 256 and 257: democratic approach to knowledgeemp
Page 258 and 259: BalkansbaptismBarnabas, epistle ofB
Page 260 and 261: earlyoral traditionsand Septuagintt
Page 262 and 263: called traditoresexemption from tax
Page 264 and 265: Nicene Creed revisedresponsibility
Page 266 and 267: continuing debatedebate on Jesus’
Page 268 and 269: Evodius of UzalisExodus, Book offai
Page 270 and 271: Godheaddistinctions withinnature of
Page 272 and 273: Gregory the Great, Popeand Councils
Page 274 and 275: Ibas, Bishop of EdessaIgnatius, Bis
Page 276 and 277: proclaims Peter as rockrelationship
Page 278 and 279: and Council of Ephesusmeets Attila
Page 280 and 281: defeatexecutionNicene faithand Pris
Page 282 and 283: Latin terminologylegal imposition (
Page 284 and 285: papacy, exiled to Avignonpapal juri
Page 286 and 287: Quadi tribeRahner, KarlRavenna, lib
Page 288 and 289: taxation systemviolence in conquest
Page 290 and 291: Sirmium creed (357)slavery, institu
Page 292 and 293: as co-emperorCouncil of Constantino
Page 294 and 295:
works, burnedtheology, GreekTheophi
Page 296 and 297:
Valentinian II, co-EmperorAmbrose o
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A.D. 381 heretics, pagans, and the dawn of the monotheistic state ( PDFDrive )

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