Mackay, Christopher S., Ancient Rome: A Military and Political History,Cambridge, 2004.MacMullen, Ramsay, Christianising the Roman Empire (AD 100-400), NewHaven and London, 1984.MacMullen, Ramsay, Voting about God in Early Church Councils, New Havenand London, 2006.Markus, R. A., The End of Ancient Christianity, Cambridge, 1990.Markus, R. A., Gregory the Great and his World, Cambridge, 1977.Marsden, George, Jonathan Edwards, A Life, New Haven and London, 2003.Mathisen, Ralph (ed.), Law, Society and Authority in Late Antiquity, Oxford,2001.Matthews, John, Laying Down the Law: The Making of the Theodosian Code,New Haven and London, 2000.Matthews, John, Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court, AD 364-425,Oxford, 1975.McCormick, Michael, Origins of the European Economy, Communications andCommerce, AD 300-900, Cambridge, 2001.McGinn, Bernard and Patricia, Early Christian Mystics, New York, 2001.McGluckin, John, Saint Gregory of Nazianzus: An Intellectual Biography,Crestwood, New York, 2001.McGrath, Alister, Christian Theology: An Introduction, Oxford, 2001.McGrath, Alister, T. F. Torrance: An Intellectual Biography, Edinburgh, 1999.McLynn, N., Ambrose of Milan: Church and Court in a Christian Capital,Berkeley, 1994.Millar, Fergus, A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius II,408-450, Berkeley and London, 2006.Millar, Fergus, The Greek World, the Jews and the East, Chapel Hill, 2006.Moore, R. I., The Formation of a Persecuting Society, Oxford, 1987.Moorhead, John, Theodoric in Italy, Oxford, 1992.Nassif, Bradley (ed.), New Perspectives in Historical Theology, Grand Rapids,Mich., and Cambridge, 1996.Norris, F. W., Faith Gives Fullness to Reasoning: The Five Theological Orationsof Saint Gregory Nazianzen, Leiden, 1991.Pelikan, Jaroslav, Christianity and Classical Culture, New Haven and London,1993.Pelikan, Jaroslav, The Christian Tradition, Volume I, The Emergence of theCatholic Tradition (100-600), Chicago and London, 1971.
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Table of ContentsTitle PageCopyrigh
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For my children, Barney, Issie, Tom
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PREFACEIN 1999 I signed a contract
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case discussed in this book, one ca
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to ask which of the enormously wide
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centred introduction to critical th
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essential. The Trinity consists of
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discussion of spiritual matters was
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borders, which ran along the rivers
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Valentinian’s own commanders were
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of booty from further raiding. Duri
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of the major cities of the east. As
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IITHE DIVINE EMPERORIN 363, the cou
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Constantine is God’s viceregent o
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Rome in 357, the first time he had
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result that a complex of interlocki
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the first time, a budget could be p
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The events of the next three years
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circumstances, Themistius’ panegy
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IIIFREE SPEECH IN THE CLASSICAL WOR
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be counterproductive. Diodotus went
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of the Forms. Once they had underst
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Even though only a tiny proportion
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and imagery of the Bible. He was re
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others of one’s own beliefs, and
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IVTHE COMING OF THE CHRISTIAN STATE
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Irenaeus, bishop of the (Greek-spea
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forward an alternative tradition of
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important provinces of Egypt and Sy
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Hill. These buildings were plain on
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his ‘betrayal’ would have to be
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included) is a collection of a very
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philosophy, not from scripture. It
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reinstated in his bishopric in 327,
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However, mainstream Christian teach
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somewhere between God and the mater
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AD 200. In Tertullian’s Trinity,
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discussions about the way in which
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Church was now firmly embedded with
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Creator. The incarnation of this fu
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of Megara, Simonides, and Pindar, a
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to the Nicenes, he kept his persona
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VITHE SWANSONG OF FREE SPEECH: THE
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Each year in April the grain ships
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about the issues openly - when Greg
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McGluckin suggests that Gregory may
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linking of soul to body, of intelle
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Jesus that suffers alongside a divi
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unaware that behind Maximus lay the
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VIICONSTANTINOPLE, 381: THE IMPOSIT
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have been used loosely of subordina
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and Antioch without a bishop. The a
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majority of the Nicene bishops by b
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not yet consecrated) and Alexandria
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381 and allowing the Church as a wh
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his own and that he put in place as
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his ideas on the Trinity, but then
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was afraid of.In 379, Ambrose met t
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Instead of the great council of the
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Arcadius the status of an Augustus
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faith, they issued a law on 23 Janu
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Homoian faith as a price for his su
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governor concerning the sacking of
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spaces’ - in other words, to keep
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Certainly Theodosius had become awa
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restored into the 380s, but shortly
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Serapis. Symmachus’ son married N
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threatening Attila with death if he
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XEPIPHANIUS’ WITCHHUNTDURING the
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the use of allegory; he accepted th
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come to Bethlehem to work on his tr
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that in Christ I am as submissive t
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boundaries of orthodoxy were consta
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The use of the law to provide a res
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followed. When, in 457, the emperor
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Similar examples are recorded of th
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carried out miracles and as human w
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also in 435, it decreed ‘that Ire
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imperial officials now drew up thei
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Justinian also tried to find a solu
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the west - but these could be treat
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of Paul. In the Greek world, in the
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can only be made righteous through
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saved. Why God picks out anyone fro
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trust in God and the authority of t
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subordinate being to one who does t
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was no Trinity, so little does the
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writing at a time of political and
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XIIICOLLAPSE IN THE CHRISTIAN WESTA
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of a high standard. Excavations sho
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power was the conversions of Arian
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has perished from among us and no o
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formula in his calculation of the
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programme was one of renovatio, ‘
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XIVFAITH, REASON AND THE TRINITYWIT
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was the most prestigious - teachers
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- Page 206 and 207: CONCLUSIONWe must not see the fact
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- Page 218 and 219: NOTES1 For details, see Select Bibl
- Page 220 and 221: Chapter Two: The Divine Emperor1 I
- Page 222 and 223: Chapter Three: Free Speech in the C
- Page 224 and 225: Chapter Four: The Coming of the Chr
- Page 226 and 227: Chapter Five: True God from True Go
- Page 228 and 229: Chapter Six: The Swansong of Free S
- Page 230 and 231: Chapter Eight: Ambrose and the Poli
- Page 232 and 233: them back on to the bodies of the f
- Page 234 and 235: over Origen and warn their flocks o
- Page 236 and 237: Chapter Eleven: Enforcing the Law1
- Page 238 and 239: 30 For the Council of Constantinopl
- Page 240 and 241: 15 Gunton, p.39. It was argued by I
- Page 242 and 243: eastern monastery at this period, o
- Page 244 and 245: 15 Quoted in Bainton, p.24.16 Israe
- Page 246 and 247: SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHYNote: the easies
- Page 248 and 249: Fossier, Robert (ed.), The Cambridg
- Page 252 and 253: Philadelphia, 2002.Van Dam, Raymond
- Page 254 and 255: Ambrose, Bishop of Milan and afterl
- Page 256 and 257: democratic approach to knowledgeemp
- Page 258 and 259: BalkansbaptismBarnabas, epistle ofB
- Page 260 and 261: earlyoral traditionsand Septuagintt
- Page 262 and 263: called traditoresexemption from tax
- Page 264 and 265: Nicene Creed revisedresponsibility
- Page 266 and 267: continuing debatedebate on Jesus’
- Page 268 and 269: Evodius of UzalisExodus, Book offai
- Page 270 and 271: Godheaddistinctions withinnature of
- Page 272 and 273: Gregory the Great, Popeand Councils
- Page 274 and 275: Ibas, Bishop of EdessaIgnatius, Bis
- Page 276 and 277: proclaims Peter as rockrelationship
- Page 278 and 279: and Council of Ephesusmeets Attila
- Page 280 and 281: defeatexecutionNicene faithand Pris
- Page 282 and 283: Latin terminologylegal imposition (
- Page 284 and 285: papacy, exiled to Avignonpapal juri
- Page 286 and 287: Quadi tribeRahner, KarlRavenna, lib
- Page 288 and 289: taxation systemviolence in conquest
- Page 290 and 291: Sirmium creed (357)slavery, institu
- Page 292 and 293: as co-emperorCouncil of Constantino
- Page 294 and 295: works, burnedtheology, GreekTheophi
- Page 296 and 297: Valentinian II, co-EmperorAmbrose o