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RPP-24544 REV Id
33.4 1989 Fundamentals Handbook
Attachment
7
it indBow an
and Bowman
Calc. No.: 145579-V-CA-004 to mew pipe.
Rev. No.: 1 mt'^am'-
IS loM %for
Sheet 1 of 2 rms. Carrier
.craw friction
Originator.
Date: flngirL. o
athemnosive
nrdeonrdrded
Checked by.
Date: MlefdLOS
ad stod. 1101d.'
kr.0941) and
csor cold and
l0 657a Aged
• (1983) recomunco
ted cast
r concrete
xiskin is Doi a
• red fn Europe .
. ' i ft303ears .
Extensive age-related flow da ta am available for use with the
Hazen-WObiams emp irical equa tio n. Di fficulties arise in its cup.
p liatiott. however, bemuse the original Harm Wfl0ars rough
mess coefficients am valid only for the spe ci fic pipe diameters,
water velocities, and water viscosities u sed In the original expetfinents.
Thus, when the Cs amextrnded to dif(crentd ameAM
wlocides, and/or w2terviscoside4 errors of up to about 5074 in
pipe capa city can o ccur (Williams and Haan 1933, Sanks 1974
Water Hammer
When any moving nuid (not just water) is abrup tly s topped as
when a vale closes suddenly, l arge pressures cis a develop. While
deta iled analysis requires knowledge of the elastic p roper ties of
the pipe and the now-t)me h istory, the limiting case of rigid pipe
and instantadeous cl osure Is simple to calculate. Under these
conditions,
where
Pa - 0cr ry& (9)
Pa i. pressure rise caused by waxer hummer, to^r
& Auld demity, lb./ft)
y Q - wlo city of sound in the fluid, h/s
V - fluid now w3oft DA .
e, for'riater is 4720 ft/s, although the el as ticity of the pipe
redrfs
tss the effective value.
Ftara0e3. What is the maximum pressure rise If water ttowiog at 10
•. fds is stopped Instantaneou sly?
Sofuttac pa - 624 x 4720 sc 10/322 - 91468lb/fts
- 635 psi
Other Con si derations
Notdisaussed Inlletan In this ehapte; butof potentia ll y great
f nporamareanumberofphysfcalwOdreWaleorai kmtionse
pipe and fitting design, materials, andMr sing methods must be
appropriate forwvrkingpr essures and temperatures encountered,
as well as b eing suftablyresistant tochemricalattackby the fluid.
Other Piping Materials and Fluids
For fluids not Ineluded •itt this ehaptsxor for piping materials
of tfrftetent dimensions, manufacturer's literature frequently supp
lies pressure drop charts The Darcy-Weisbadt equation and the
Moody chart or the Coleb rook equation can be used as to alta.
na ti ve to pressure drop charts or tables
HOT AND CHMLED WATER PIPE SIZING
The DavyWcisbach equation with friction factors from the
Moody diart or Colebrook equation (o; ahernadv ft theHazeo-,
Williams equa tion) ii fundamen tal to ealculadrig press ur e d rop
in hot and ch illed water piping; however, ch arts calculated f ro m
these equations (such as Figures 1, 2, and 3) provide easy deter
rops for specific fluids and pipe stiadards,
-mination ofpmssum d
In addition, tables of pressu re d rops can be found in Hydrau li c
Institute (1979) and Crane Co. (1976).
Most tables and cha rts for water are calculated for p roperties
at 60'P. Using these for hot water int roduces some error. although
the answers am conservative !A. cold water cale-watious overswe
the pressure d rop for hot water. Using 60T water charts for 200T
water should not result in er rors in Ap exceeding 200/c
Range of Usage of Pressu re Drop Charts
General D esig n.Range.The general range orpjpe friction bss
used for design of hydronicsystems h between I and 411/100 n.
A valueor2.5 ft/100 It represen ts themean towhkh most systems ms
am designed Wideraanges maybe used 14 specific d esigns, if certain
precau tions are taken.
Piping Notsa Closed loophydronic system piping Is genera ll y
sized belowartai rs arbitrary upper Omit%such as a WWty limit
• of fpsfor2-Itupfpeandunde, and apressumdrop Omhof 4 ft
FLOW RATE, U.S. gallmin
11g.) Fddion Loss for War In CoumercW Stee Pipe (Schedule 40)
AS-659
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