NOx Emissions from Cement Mfg - US Environmental Protection ...

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TABLE 7-2. REDUCTION IN NO x EMISSIONS WITH MID-KILN FIRING Controlled NOx reduction (%) NO x Removed (toxs/yr) NO x emissions (toxs/yr) Uncontrolled NOx emissions (toxs/yr) Kiln capacity (tons clinker/hr) Model Plant No. Kiln Type 1 Long Wet 30 1,160 870 290 25 2 Long Wet 50 1,940 1,460 480 25 3 Long Dry 25 860 650 210 25 4 Long Dry 40 1,380 1,040 340 25 7-4
thru 7-4 TABLE 7-3. REDUCTION IN NO x EMISSIONS WITH SCR present the possible NOx emission reductions in the eight Controlled NOx reduction (%) NO x Removed (toxs/yr) NO x emissions (toxs/yr) Uncontrolled NOx emissions (toxs/yr) Kiln capacity (tons clinker/hr) Model Plant No. Kiln Type 5 Preheater 40 940 470 470 50 6 Preheater 70 1,650 825 825 50 7 Precalciner 100 1,360 680 680 50 8 Precalciner 150 2,040 1,020 1,020 50 7-5
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EPA-453/R-94-004 ALTERNATIVE CONTRO
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ALTERNATIVE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DOCU
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Chapter Page 4.1 MECHANISMS OF NO F
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (con.) Chapter Pa
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LIST OF TABLES Number Page 2-1 UNCO
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Congress, in
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CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY This chapter pres
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2.2 NO EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIE
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TABLE 2-2. ACHIEVABLE NO REDUCTIONS
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TABLE 2-4. CAPITAL AND ANNUAL COSTS
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TABLE 2-5. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF NO
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eductions ranged from 470 tons/year
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CHAPTER 3 INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION 3.1
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Type II. Moderate-heat-of-hardening
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3 a TABLE 3-2. UNITED STATES CEMENT
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Figure 3-1. U.S. Portland cement pl
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Table 3-3. (con.) Rank Clinker 3 (1
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5 cement processes: wet process and
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Figure 3-3. New technology in dry-p
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substantial levels of silica and al
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are achieved by clinker coolers of
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126,000 to 963,000 tons/year with a
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such as crushing and grinding opera
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4.1.1 Thermal NO Formation x Therma
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temperatures are on the order of 16
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4-6
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expected to produce more fuel NO th
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introduce a large proportion of com
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will also mean a somewhat lower sec
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ILC systems: In these systems, the
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which indicates an average and the
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4-18
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Uncontrolled NO x emissions Plant c
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from 2 to 9 lb/ton of clinker, and
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Capacity Heat in NO x emissions Met
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TABLE 4-3. (con.) Capacity Heat in
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in estimating uncontrolled and cont
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13. Letter from Sheridan, S.E., to
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44. Chemecology Corporation Source.
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73. Letter and attachments from Smi
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NO control approaches applicable to
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5.1.2.2 Kiln Fuel Changing the prim
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oxygen content of the primary air m
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tend to recirculate hot combustion
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e about 15 to 38 percent depending
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combustion system shown in Figure 5
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5-14
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Figure 5-3. Schematic of hazardous
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5-18
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higher than typical cement kiln flu
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window is in the middle of a kiln.
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Figure 5-4. Application of the sele
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in Section 5.1.2 is usually difficu
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5.4 REFERENCES 1. Helmuth, R.A., F.
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25. Letter from Wax, J., Institute
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TABLE 6-1. CEMENT KILN MODEL PLANTS
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6-4
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6-6
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The total capital cost is the sum o
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TABLE 6-3. ANNUALIZED COST ELEMENTS
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6-12
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6.1.3.7 Administrative Charges. The
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At this time only three installatio
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6-18
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The annualized costs for low NOx bu
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No additional costs for utilities o
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20 percent PEC cost for contingenci
Page 140 and 141: TABLE 6-7. ANNUALIZED COSTS FOR RET
Page 142 and 143: 6-28
Page 144 and 145: PEC for model plant 300,000 ' Heat
Page 146 and 147: TABLE 6-9. ANNUALIZED COSTS FOR MID
Page 148 and 149: 6-34
Page 150 and 151: TABLE 6-10. CAPITAL COSTS FOR A URE
Page 152 and 153: TABLE 6-11. ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS
Page 154 and 155: 6-40
Page 156 and 157: TABLE 6-12. CAPITAL COSTS FOR AN AM
Page 158 and 159: TABLE 6-13. ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS
Page 160 and 161: 6-46
Page 162 and 163: costs range from $9.9 million for t
Page 164 and 165: The estimated annualized costs for
Page 166 and 167: 6.3 COST EFFECTIVENESS OF NOx CONTR
Page 168 and 169: emoved. Cost effectiveness were det
Page 170 and 171: TABLE 6-17. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF R
Page 172 and 173: 6-58
Page 174 and 175: TABLE 6-18. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF M
Page 176 and 177: TABLE 6-19. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF U
Page 178 and 179: 6.3.4 Selective Catalytic Reduction
Page 180 and 181: 6-66
Page 182 and 183: TABLE 6-21. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF S
Page 184 and 185: 6-70
Page 186 and 187: 11. Letter and attachments from Nov
Page 188 and 189: Tables 7-1 7-2
Page 192 and 193: model plants described in Section 6
Page 194 and 195: temperature and excess air may be u
Page 196 and 197: NOxemissions will form. The heater
Page 198: equirement for the flue gas reheati
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