NOx Emissions from Cement Mfg - US Environmental Protection ...

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TABLE 4-3. (con.) Capacity Heat in NO x emissions Method and Location Kiln # Kiln type (tons/hr) Fuel burned MM Btu/ton (lb/ton clinker) date of data Reference Fort Collins, CO 1 One-stage 61.7 8.1 CEM 71 preheater Jan-Jun 1992 Artesia, MS 1 Wet 62.5 12.5 CEM 71 7/16/92 Clarksville, MO 1 Wet 170 6.8 CEM 71 Three Forks, MT 1 Wet 37.7 11.6 EPA 71 Method 7 2/10/86 Ada, OK 1 Wet 40 15.9 KVB System 71 Jun-92 2 Wet 40 19.5 KVB System 71 Jun-92 Holly Hill, SC 1 Wet 60 5.7 CEM 71 6/28/92 2 Wet 102 5.3 CEM 71 7/9/92 Morgan, UT 1 Wet 22 6.61 EPA 71 Method 7E 11/21/91 2 Wet 22 5.46 EPA 71 Method 7E 11/27/91 Seattle, WA 1 Wet 56.2 8.12 EPA 71 Method 7E 10/15/90 6. Lafarge Corporation Demopolis, AL 1 Preheater 98 70% - Coal 3.2 4.8 EPA 72 30% - WDF Method 7E Gas - Preheat 9/5-8/91 4-26
TABLE 4-3. (con.) Capacity Heat in NO x emissions Method and Location Kiln # Kiln type (tons/hr) Fuel burned MM Btu/ton (lb/ton clinker) date of data Reference Davenport, IA 1 Preheater- 108.3 100% - Coal 3.2 217 lb/hr EPA 73 precalciner 2.61 Method 7 9/21/82 4-27 204.4 lb/hr 6/6/84 73 2.07
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EPA-453/R-94-004 ALTERNATIVE CONTRO
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ALTERNATIVE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DOCU
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Chapter Page 4.1 MECHANISMS OF NO F
Page 7 and 8:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (con.) Chapter Pa
Page 9 and 10:
LIST OF TABLES Number Page 2-1 UNCO
Page 11 and 12:
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Congress, in
Page 13 and 14:
CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY This chapter pres
Page 15 and 16:
2.2 NO EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIE
Page 17 and 18:
TABLE 2-2. ACHIEVABLE NO REDUCTIONS
Page 19 and 20:
TABLE 2-4. CAPITAL AND ANNUAL COSTS
Page 21 and 22: TABLE 2-5. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF NO
Page 23 and 24: eductions ranged from 470 tons/year
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 3 INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION 3.1
Page 27 and 28: Type II. Moderate-heat-of-hardening
Page 29 and 30: 3 a TABLE 3-2. UNITED STATES CEMENT
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3-1. U.S. Portland cement pl
Page 33 and 34: Table 3-3. (con.) Rank Clinker 3 (1
Page 35 and 36: 5 cement processes: wet process and
Page 37 and 38: Figure 3-3. New technology in dry-p
Page 39 and 40: substantial levels of silica and al
Page 41 and 42: are achieved by clinker coolers of
Page 43 and 44: 126,000 to 963,000 tons/year with a
Page 45: such as crushing and grinding opera
Page 48 and 49: 4.1.1 Thermal NO Formation x Therma
Page 50 and 51: temperatures are on the order of 16
Page 52 and 53: 4-6
Page 54 and 55: expected to produce more fuel NO th
Page 56 and 57: introduce a large proportion of com
Page 58 and 59: will also mean a somewhat lower sec
Page 60 and 61: ILC systems: In these systems, the
Page 62 and 63: which indicates an average and the
Page 64 and 65: 4-18
Page 66 and 67: Uncontrolled NO x emissions Plant c
Page 68 and 69: from 2 to 9 lb/ton of clinker, and
Page 70 and 71: Capacity Heat in NO x emissions Met
Page 74 and 75: TABLE 4-3. (con.) Capacity Heat in
Page 76 and 77: TABLE 4-3. (con.) Capacity Heat in
Page 78 and 79: in estimating uncontrolled and cont
Page 80 and 81: 13. Letter from Sheridan, S.E., to
Page 82 and 83: 44. Chemecology Corporation Source.
Page 84 and 85: 73. Letter and attachments from Smi
Page 86 and 87: NO control approaches applicable to
Page 88 and 89: 5.1.2.2 Kiln Fuel Changing the prim
Page 90 and 91: oxygen content of the primary air m
Page 92 and 93: tend to recirculate hot combustion
Page 94 and 95: e about 15 to 38 percent depending
Page 96 and 97: combustion system shown in Figure 5
Page 98 and 99: 5-14
Page 100 and 101: Figure 5-3. Schematic of hazardous
Page 102 and 103: 5-18
Page 104 and 105: higher than typical cement kiln flu
Page 106 and 107: window is in the middle of a kiln.
Page 108 and 109: Figure 5-4. Application of the sele
Page 110 and 111: in Section 5.1.2 is usually difficu
Page 112 and 113: 5.4 REFERENCES 1. Helmuth, R.A., F.
Page 114 and 115: 25. Letter from Wax, J., Institute
Page 116 and 117: TABLE 6-1. CEMENT KILN MODEL PLANTS
Page 118 and 119: 6-4
Page 120 and 121: 6-6
Page 122 and 123:
The total capital cost is the sum o
Page 124 and 125:
TABLE 6-3. ANNUALIZED COST ELEMENTS
Page 126 and 127:
6-12
Page 128 and 129:
6.1.3.7 Administrative Charges. The
Page 130 and 131:
At this time only three installatio
Page 132 and 133:
6-18
Page 134 and 135:
The annualized costs for low NOx bu
Page 136 and 137:
No additional costs for utilities o
Page 138 and 139:
20 percent PEC cost for contingenci
Page 140 and 141:
TABLE 6-7. ANNUALIZED COSTS FOR RET
Page 142 and 143:
6-28
Page 144 and 145:
PEC for model plant 300,000 ' Heat
Page 146 and 147:
TABLE 6-9. ANNUALIZED COSTS FOR MID
Page 148 and 149:
6-34
Page 150 and 151:
TABLE 6-10. CAPITAL COSTS FOR A URE
Page 152 and 153:
TABLE 6-11. ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS
Page 154 and 155:
6-40
Page 156 and 157:
TABLE 6-12. CAPITAL COSTS FOR AN AM
Page 158 and 159:
TABLE 6-13. ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS
Page 160 and 161:
6-46
Page 162 and 163:
costs range from $9.9 million for t
Page 164 and 165:
The estimated annualized costs for
Page 166 and 167:
6.3 COST EFFECTIVENESS OF NOx CONTR
Page 168 and 169:
emoved. Cost effectiveness were det
Page 170 and 171:
TABLE 6-17. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF R
Page 172 and 173:
6-58
Page 174 and 175:
TABLE 6-18. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF M
Page 176 and 177:
TABLE 6-19. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF U
Page 178 and 179:
6.3.4 Selective Catalytic Reduction
Page 180 and 181:
6-66
Page 182 and 183:
TABLE 6-21. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF S
Page 184 and 185:
6-70
Page 186 and 187:
11. Letter and attachments from Nov
Page 188 and 189:
Tables 7-1 7-2
Page 190 and 191:
TABLE 7-2. REDUCTION IN NO x EMISSI
Page 192 and 193:
model plants described in Section 6
Page 194 and 195:
temperature and excess air may be u
Page 196 and 197:
NOxemissions will form. The heater
Page 198:
equirement for the flue gas reheati
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