Social Work with People Practicing Same-Sex ... - ILGA Europe

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Quantitative methods are particularly widespread in the implementation of studies on risky behaviours, related to HIV epidemic (especially behaviours of MSM 1 ). Among new works in this area, three attract a particular attention. The fist one is monitoring of sexual behaviour of MSM (2007), developed with active involvement and participation of LGBT community representatives 2 . The second and the third ones concern men in armed forces 3 and in confinement 4 (they are noteworthy due to the fact, that compared to similar 2004 surveys among representatives of such closed collectives, one can observe statistically meaningful growth of the percentage of men who have ever had sex with other men 5 ). Speaking about content analysis, we found only one short article by Ruslan Kukharchuk, ardent opponent of LGBT community 6 . Unfortunately, works of LGBT themselves in this area are still non-existent. Another study, based on the quantitative methodology, was completed in mod-2008 — analysis of lonely hearts ads, submitted by MSM of the Donetsk oblast during the 12 years of existence of printed M+M ads in Ukraine. Key results are briefly presented in the Internet 7 ; full results were submitted to the academic journal “Ukrainian Socium” as an article. Unfortunately, no similar studies of F+F or F+M ads have been conducted — it would be extremely valuable for the comparative analysis. Gaps and perspectives This review is not exhaustive, of course. In conclusion I would like to mention several issues that need to be addressed. I believe that the most important issue is the problem of methodology. We need to identify one or several sociological methods that will guarantee that collected figures are representative for the entire group (instead of characterizing only limited segment of individuals available for research). The second issue relates to conceptual and terminology basis, when our objective is to define a specific group. Who are MSM and FSF? Do they identify themselves as homosexuals or bisexuals, or these are just behavioural practices? It is very important, because identity affects their access to social and health services, and so on. It will also influence the ultimate results of the study. Speaking about qualitative phenomena, related to identity of gay men and MSM, right now we only make notice of those who are left out of traditional institutions — economic, political, family and so on. As a rule, they do not have this internal sanction “to be a stud” (e.g. to stand for himself). The other part is heterosexuals, for who adventures with the same-sex love is a kind of fun — it does not influence their self-perception as normal men. Naturally, they stay within the system of traditional relations. However, there exists this intermediate group of those who can be conscious homosexuals or bisexuals (that is, they recognize the same-sex relations as systembuilding factor), at the same time being men in the traditional sense. This third group only starts to emerge. In contrast to the first group, it is not marginal and it does not impose homosexuality. Instead, it views it as an option. And this is not a tradition, but rationally developed role. Since people tend to select like-minded persons for communication (this especially concerns communication on the basis of stigmatizing characteristics), peculiarities of the abovementioned groups will be substantially different. We should emphasize that lesbian issues continue to constitute a huge gap in Ukraine. By now there was NOT A SINGLE serious quantitative study conducted in Ukraine, dedicated to the issues of female homosexuality and behavioural practices. Several early publications, mentioned at the beginning of this section, are purely qualitative studies that reflect opinions of their authors. They cannot be considered valid for the entire country and be projected on all lesbian subgroups. 1 Касянчук М., Лещинський Є., Шеремет-Шереметьєв С. Чоловіки, що мають секс із чоловіками, у дзеркалі соціолоґічних досліджень проблеми поширення ВІЛ/СНІДу (огляд досліджень, проведених в Україні в 1997–2006 рр.) // Укр. соціум. — 2007. — №3(20). — С.32-43. 2 Касянчук М., Лещинський Є., Шеремет-Шереметьєв С. Чоловіки, що мають секс із чоловіками, у дзеркалі соціолоґічних досліджень проблеми поширення ВІЛ/СНІДу (огляд досліджень, проведених в Україні в 1997–2006 рр.) // Укр. соціум. — 2007. — №3(20). — С.32-43. 3 Дієва С. В., Пашкович В. Л. Моніторинг поведінки військовослужбовців як компонент епіднагляду за ВІЛ другого покоління. Аналітичний звіт за результатами дослідження 2007 року / Мін. оборони України, ТОВ “Соціс — ЦСПД”. — К.: МБФ “Міжнародний Альянс з ВІЛ/СНІД в Україні”, 2008. — 48 с. 4 Моніторинг поінформованості та поведінки засуджених як компонент епіднагляду за ВІЛ другого покоління. Аналітичний звіт за результатами дослідження 2007 року / І. Л. Демченко, К. С. Костенко, Н. Є. Кожан, С. Б. Живаго (Держ. департ. України з питань виконання покарань; Аналітичний центр “Соціоконсалтинг”); під загал. ред. І. Л. Демченко, Н. Г. Калашник. — К.: МБФ “Міжнародний Альянс з ВІЛ/СНІД в Україні”, 2008. — 60 с. 5 Касянчук М. Гомосексуализм в местах не столь отдалённых: несколько интересных цифр // Симона. — 2008. — №24. — С.24. 6 Кухарчук Р. Медиа-холдинг “КП- Пабликейшнс” пропагандирует гомосексуализм в Украине / Сайт “Новости христианского мира”, 16.07.2008, http://prochurch.info/ index.php/news/print/12843 7 Касянчук М. Социология Бабы-Яги или сколько голубых в Донбассе // Симона. — 2008. — №13. — С.24-25; №14. — С.24-25. — http://donbas-socproject.blogspot. com/2008/09/13-14-2008.html 119
120 9. Glossary of Key Terms Agitation (lat. agitatio — activation) is verbal, printed and visual political activity, which affects awareness and moods of people to encourage them to take political or other actions. Advocacy is a campaign or other actions, directed at representation and protection of rights and interests of a specific social group. The object of influence of advocacy campaigns are government officials (decision-makers); the goal of influence is to implement specific structural changes (e.g. passing of laws) for the benefit of the group, whose interests are being lobbied. The goal of advocacy is the protection of rights, in contrast to dissemination of information and views, as in propaganda. Activism — Americanism that recently appeared in the Russian language, which stands for various activities. It is synonym to more traditional terms, like “public activity”, “activity”, “public work”, “public movement”. Barrier contraception includes condoms (for anal/vaginal/oral sex), latex gloves (for vaginal/anal sex), latex squires (for oral-vaginal and oral-anal contacts — cunnilingus and rimming). Bigender refers to a person with constantly shifting gender identity (see Gender). Bigender shows tendency to move between feminine and masculine gender-type behaviour depending on the mood, current contacts, etc. Bigenders are recognized as subgroup of transgender people (see Transgender person). Bipolar, dichotomy understanding of gender (masculinity and femininity) refers to division of the World into “masculine” and “feminine” — division of habits, tempers, personal qualities on the basis of biological sex. Stereotypes generally attribute to women such features as passivity, obedience, emotionality, disposition towards cooperation, orientation on people. In terms preferences, it is generally believed that women value love, communication and beauty. Purely masculine qualities include aggressiveness, urge towards leadership, rationality, competitiveness, orientation of things and results (instrumentality). In terms of preferences, men seek power and value competence, skilfulness and achievements. Until 1970s similar concepts were dominant in science. Philosophers of the past were absolutely assured that if gender characteristics were in harmony with sex, personality was more psychologically healthy and stable. Everything that went beyond this strict gender dualism of “masculine” and “feminine” was considered deviation and viewed as a problem. Studies of Sandra Bem and her successors have shown that gender qualities are multisided and multifaceted, while masculinity and femininity were not at the opposite ends of one axis. Quite the contrary, they represent two different and independent scales, who dimensions of humanity. Gender qualities can be attributable to both men and women. Biphobia is used to describe fear, hatred or aversion towards bisexuals, or biased attitudes towards them. Sometimes biphobia may characterize anti-bisexual attitudes among some lesbians and gay men, because negative attitudes of heterosexuals are directed against homosexual component of bisexual identity, so it can be viewed as manifestation of homophobia. The term “biphobia” is sometimes used to describe hard approaches towards understanding of human sexuality, which accept only two opposite (hetero- and homosexual) orientations, or two identities (masculine and feminine). Bisexual refers to the person (both male and female) with psychoemotional and sexual attraction to people of both opposite and same sex, and who acknowledges oneself as bisexual. Bisexuality is a natural condition of a person with psychoemotional and sexual attraction to people of both opposite and same sex. Bodily fluids include blood, sperm, vaginal secretion, breast secretion, sweat, tears, urine, faeces. In epidemiology, the most dangerous bodily fluids in terms of sexual transmission of viruses, bacteria and microorganisms are: blood, sperm (including semen), vaginal secretion and breast secretion.
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Social Work with People Practicing
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Editor and Compiler: Laima Geidar.
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Content 1. Background Information.
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1 Please, see the Glossary of Terms
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1 Alfred Kinsley performed 2 studie
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There is hardly anyone whose sexual
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Round table on LGBT issues, MOH of
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1 Rosser BR, Bockting WO, et al. Th
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1 Testing for HIV: Why Is It Needed
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65.7% of female respondents have ne
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Women’s Network Summer Camp, 2008
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1 According to the draft Order of t
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As for my homosexuality, I“ve bee
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Photo: Bogdana Bondar, Photo-projec
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28 on the part of the others and br
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I don't think homosexuality is a ch
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1 The term “coming-out“ refers
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34 he is confronted with the proble
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36 eventually guarantee a normal de
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I am reminded of a colleague who re
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— Next time, if someone asks you:
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1 Социально-психоло
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44 positive MSM. Moreover, in case
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Women’s Network Party, Kyiv, 2007
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“Dark Nights” Festival, Kyiv, 2
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50 Ukrainian Model of Outreach Work
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Outreach work 52 Outreach Team Serv
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I should tell you that homosexualit
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Everybody's journey is individual.
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1 Materials from the Review of inte
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60 Davao monsignor Fernando Capalli
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It doesn't matter what you do in th
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When I didn't know yet who homosexu
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66 • Does not require special kno
Page 69 and 70: 68 Pluses Minuses • Provides LGBT
Page 71 and 72: Those, who today still continue to
Page 73 and 74: I believe that everyone in this wor
Page 75 and 76: I feel myself a zebra that has to e
Page 77 and 78: Answering the journalist's question
Page 79 and 80: This you, straights, are vested wit
Page 81 and 82: First National Conference of LGBT O
Page 83 and 84: Homosexuals pose a threat to the so
Page 85 and 86: Gay-forum event, Dnipropetrovsk, 20
Page 87 and 88: Seminar on Community Mobilization,
Page 89 and 90: 1 The following manual was used for
Page 91 and 92: 90 While creating an alliance it is
Page 93 and 94: 92 meetings, discussions, to develo
Page 95 and 96: I don“t think there is a “gay l
Page 97 and 98: They are preserving the sanctity of
Page 99 and 100: Press-conference, 2005 98 7.2. Step
Page 101 and 102: 100 5. Identification of the campai
Page 103 and 104: 102 advocacy campaign. Second, addi
Page 105 and 106: 104 2) Development of the campaign'
Page 107 and 108: 1 See Memorandum of Understanding b
Page 109 and 110: 108 7.3. Methods and Tools of Advoc
Page 111 and 112: Homosexuality, along with other uni
Page 113 and 114: 1 http://www.feminist.org.ua/ confe
Page 115 and 116: 114 7.4. National Strategies of Adv
Page 117 and 118: 116 Conclusion So, we have consider
Page 119: 1 Oostvogels R. Assessment of highr
Page 123 and 124: 122 views, sexual orientation, sex
Page 125 and 126: 124 Motivation is a system of incen
Page 127 and 128: 1 Лекторский В. О то
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