Adil GÜNER, Vehbi ESER - optima

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Oral Lectures 36 CHENOPODIACEAE IN THE MEDITERRANEN AND THEIR EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS TO THE IRANO-TURANIAN REGION Helmut FREITAG 1 , Gudrun KADEREIT 2 1 University of Kassel, Faculty of Science (FB 18), Institute of Biology, Kassel, Germany hfreitag@unikassel.de 2 University of Mainz, Faculty of Biology (FB 10), Institute of Systematic Botany, Mainz, Germany clausing@mail.uni-mainz.de The Mediterranean and the Irano-Turanian regions are comparatively rich in Chenopo-diaceae, with c. 280 and 350 spp., respectively. Most of them are ecologically specialized as (1) halophytes – growing on strongly saline or alkaline soils, as, e.g., coastal lagoons and depressions in arid areas, (2) xerophytes – in steppes, semi-deserts and deserts, and (3) ruderals – on disturbed sites. The chenopod floras of both regions are related. They have many species in common, preferably annuals of subf. Chenopodioideae. Others penetrate more or less into the adjoining region, but very many are confined to the one or the other region due to ecological constraints or to limited dispersal abilities. Recent phylogenetic studies carried out in different subfamilies of Chenopodiaceae have shown that the major lineages were present and started to diversify obviously already in the Early Tertiary in an area around or at the northern shores of the former Tethys that reached to C Asia and the Indian Ocean. Their further diversification and regionalization was strongly favored by increasing aridity and continentality in the eastern section associated with the disintegration of the Tethys. Later periods of climatic deterioration, in particular the Messinian salinity crisis of the Upper Miocene and the cool and dry periods of the Pleistocene caused invasions of certain taxa from today’s Irano-Turanian region into the Mediterranean, where subsequently, after having been isolated, they underwent separate speciation processes. Plant geographical and molecular evidence of these intricate relations will be presented from different groups, mainly from subf. Salicornioideae and Camphorosmoideae. As fossils are extremely rare, the time of the respective splits can be tentatively estimated by molecular clock analyses only. Keywords: Chenopodiaceae, diversification, molecular clock, Tethys 24
CONSEQUENCES OF NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION IN GEOPHYTES: DISENTANGLING THE ORIGIN OF ORPHAN HYBRID POPULATIONS IN NARCISSUS Isabel MARQUES 1,2 ; Gonzalo Nieto FELINER 2 ; David DRAPER 3 ; Amélia Martins- LOUÇÃO 1 and Javier Fuertes AGUILAR 2 1 Universidade de Lisboa. Museu Nacional de História Natural. Jardim Botânico. Rua da Escola Politécnica 58. 1280-102 Lisboa. Portugal.; icmarques@fc.ul.pt 2 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC. Plaza de Murillo, 2. 28014 Madrid. Spain. 3 Dpto. Biologia Vegetal. E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid. Spain. Different factors determine the evolutionary fate of hybridization events. Ploidy changes, spatial dynamics of hybridizing processes (e.g., hybrid zone), degree of internal reproductive barriers, viability of F1 hybrids, the availability of new or intermediate niches to colonize, the phylogenetic proximity of hybridizing species and the fitness of hybrid lineages are among the most important. In the case of geophyte species, an additional factor is its ability to propagate clonally so that even low fertility hybrids can persist for years. In this work, the complex nature of the Iberian natural hybrid Narcissus ×perezlarae is clarified. Four organellar and one nuclear sequence markers reveal that it actually consists of two different hybrid taxa, Narcissus ×perezlarae (N. cavanillesii × N. miniatus) and N. ×alentejanus (N. cavanillesii × N. serotinus), the mother species being predominantly N. cavanillesii. This framework is also supported by cytogenetic information, genome size and artificial crosses. Throughout their ranges, dissimilar situations are found across populations from this polytopic hybrid complex: sympatric populations without hybrids, sympatric populations where hybrids occur, and populations where hybrids occur but their parents are lacking (‘orphan hybrid populations’). We provide evidence based on ecological niche modeling and molecular evidence supporting that the most likely cause for this pattern is extirpation of N. cavanillesii via demographic swamping and competition. Keywords:Parental extirpation, niche competition, cpDNA, mtDNA, ITS, niche modeling. 25 37 Oral Lectures
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Page 5 and 6: ) Posters: Ahmet AKSOY, Durmu� OK
Page 7 and 8: H. A�k�n AKPULAT, Ebru ATA�LA
Page 9 and 10: Stanislav ŠPANIEL, Judita LIHOVÁ,
Page 11 and 12: March 22, 2010 Monday 09:00 - 10:30
Page 13: 11:45 - 12:15 AKAN, H. "The Botanic
Page 16 and 17: Oral Lectures 14 CONSERVATION OF ME
Page 18 and 19: Oral Lectures METALLOPHYTES, HYPERA
Page 20 and 21: Oral Lectures 18 STUDY CASES ON CON
Page 22 and 23: Oral Lectures 20 SYSTEMATICAL STUDI
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Page 26 and 27: Oral Lectures 24 REVISION OF THE GE
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Page 34 and 35: Oral Lectures 32 POLLINATION ECOLOG
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Page 74 and 75: Posters 72 ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF GERMINA
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Posters 88 PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHI
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Posters 90 TAXONOMY OF COLLETOTRICH
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Posters 92 MEDITERRANEAN CENTRE OF
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Posters COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL STUD
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Posters 96 PRELIMINARY MOLECULAR CY
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Posters 98 ORCHIDS OF CEKMECE NUCLE
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Posters 100 PL@NTMEDIT: A COLLABORA
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Posters MEDITERRANEAN FLORISTIC ELE
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Posters 104 FLORAL ASSOCIATIONS OF
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Posters 106 NUTLET MORPHOLOGY OF FO
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Posters 110 THE EURO+MED - PESI VIE
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Posters 112 TAXONOMICAL AND CHOROLO
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Posters 118 MICROMORPHOLOGICAL STUD
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Posters DETERMINATION OF THE GENETI
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Posters 122 ORCHIDS OF ANTALYA �s
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Posters THE ROLE OF BIRDS AND MAMMA
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Posters 126 EXOTIC FLORA OF CONTINE
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Posters 128 GENOME SIZE DATA AND CH
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Posters 130 MULTIPLE ORIGINS OF TET
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Posters ENDEMIC TAXA OF THE SECTION
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Posters 142 POLLINATION SUCCESS OF
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Posters SEED MORPHOLOGY OF THE GENU
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Posters THE TAXA OF CR AND EN CATEG
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Posters 148 THE ENDEMIC PLANTS OF D
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Posters 150 THE GENETIC DIVERSITY O
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Posters A SYNECOLOGICAL AND SYNTAXO
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Posters INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION
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Posters COMPONENTS OF POLLINATOR EF
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Posters ANATOMICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL A
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Posters 160 ANATOMY, TRICHOME AND N
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Posters 162 THE TURKISH GEOPHYTE CO
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Posters DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS E
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Posters 172 POPULATIONAL VARIATIONS
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Posters 176 THE HERBARIUM OF ANTOIN
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Posters 182 REAL AND POTENTIAL UPPE
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Posters CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSIT
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Adil GÜNER, Vehbi ESER - optima

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