Adil GÜNER, Vehbi ESER - optima

Posters
92
MEDITERRANEAN CENTRE OF ORIGIN OF Anemoninae
(RANUNCULACEAE) INFERRED FROM KARYOTYPE HISTORY
Dražena PAPEŠ, Jelena MLINAREC, Višnja BESENDORFER
Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac
102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; jelena@biolpmf.hr; dpapes@biolpmf.hr; vbesend@biolpmf.hr
Comparative cytological analyses combined with phylogeny are a powerful approach for
deciphering aspects of evolutionary differentiation that are thoroughly investigated in three
closely related genera Anemone, Hepatica and Pulsatilla of the worldwide distributed
Anemoninae (Ranunculaceae). Chromosome number, karyotype morphology,
heterochromatin distribution and 35S and 5S rDNA localization are investigated in nine
Anemone, three Pulsatilla species and Hepatica nobilis. The mechanisms involved in
karyotype evolution are identified and interpreted in a phylogenetic context. The basic
number of all investigated taxa is 7 and 8. Karyotypes of diploid Anemone and Pulsatilla
species that have the basic number 8 are uniform consisting of three pairs of acrocentrics, one
pair of acro-, submeta- to metacentric chromosomes, and four pairs of metacentric
chromosomes. One to three 35S and one to three 5S rDNA loci were present in diploid and
polyploid taxa. 35S rDNA loci are positioned on the short arm of acrocentric chromosomes,
while for 5S rDNA loci there is no preferential chromosomal position. The karyotype of A.
narcisifolia, the only investigated species with x=7 is similar to the karyotype of Hepatica
species with one pair of acrocentric and six pairs of metacentric chromosomes. A narcisifolia
possesses a unique karyotype: a satellite positioned on the short arm of the metacentric
chromosome 3. Phylogenetic tree based on the cytogenetic data generally agree with the
present classification. Anemone species have undergone multiple rounds of diversification,
related to the very different ages of the clades. The hypothesis of the Mediterranean centre of
origin is supported and an ancestral karyotype similar to A. hortensis (x=8) is proposed. The
Anemonidium subgenus (x=7) evolved via major reconstruction of the karyotype: a change in
the base chromosome number from x=8 to x=7. This study shows clear evidence that this
change has arisen from fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes.
Keywords: 35S and 5S rDNA, Anemone, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH),
karyotype evolution, Pulsatilla
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