Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management

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IMPACT OF IRRIGATION ON FARM PRODUCTIVITY Agriculture is the mainstay of the economic life of Bangladesh. Food grain production has increased about three times in last decades, mainly as a result of introduction of minor irrigation. Introduction of HYVs, of rice and wheat has further accelerated the growth of minor irrigation. Agriculture intensification and diversification are being pursued to attain selfsufficiency in crops. The strategy for intensive food production is based on increased irrigation coverage combined with expanded cultivation of HYV rice and wheat. Total irrigation coverage was 3.79 million ha in 1996-97, which has increased to 4.35 million ha in 1998-99. Despite the growing population, food deficit remains almost static due to rapid increase in boro and wheat production, which are irrigated crops. Table 7 shows the production trends of food grains. Table 7. Production of Food Grain - 150 - (Unit: Million mt) Item 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 Food grains 19.7 18.08 19.06 20.33 20.66 21.82 Aus (broadcasted and transplanted) 18.5 1.79 1.68 1.87 1.87 1.62 Aman 9.42 8.50 8.79 9.55 8.85 7.74 Boro 6.77 6.54 7.22 7.46 8.14 10.55 Wheat 1.13 1.25 1.37 1.45 1.80 1.91 Source: BBS. CHANGES IN IRRIGATION POLICY AND RELEVANT STRATEGIES The NWP adopted in 1999 focuses on balanced use of water as well as flood and drought management. The policy provides guidelines for identification of future programs for optimum development and efficient management of water resources. An NWMP is under preparation to operationalize the water policy and ensures optional use of available water resources. The Strategy of National Water Policy The water policy of the government aims to provide direction to all agencies working with the water sector and to the institutions which are related to the water sector, in one form or another, for achieving specified objectives. These objectives are broadly as follows: a) To address issues related to the harnessing and developing of all forms of surface water and groundwater and management of these resources in an efficient and equitable manner. b) To ensure the availability of water to all elements of the society including the poor and the underprivileged, and to take into account the particular needs of women and children. c) To accelerate the development of sustainable public and private water delivery systems with appropriate legal and financial measures and incentives, including the delineation of water rights and water pricing.
d) To bring institutional changes that will help decentralize the management of water resources and enhance the role of women in water management. e) To develop a legal and regulatory environment that will help the process of decentralization, sound environmental management, and improve the investment climate for the private sector in water development and management. f) To develop capability that will enable the country to design future water resources management plans by itself with economic efficiency, gender equality, social justice and environmental awareness. Organizational Structure of Irrigation Administration Water resources management extends across much water using sectors as well as political jurisdiction and geographically and hydrologically diverse areas. Table 8 shows the concerned Ministries and water-related agencies with the activities related to national water management. Table 8. Government Agencies Involved in Water Management Organization Ministry Setup Water Resources Planning Organization (WARPO) Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) River Research Institute (RRI) Surface Water Modeling Center (SWMC) Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation (BADC) Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE) Department of Environment (DE) Source: NWMP. Water Resources National level Water Resources Up to thana level Water Resources National level Water Resources National level Local Government and Rural Development - 151 - Up to thana level Agriculture Up to thana level Agriculture Up to union level Main Activities Related to Water Sector Producing strategy and plan, monitoring and regulation of water regimes. An agency for water resources development and assessment of major projects. Surface water modeling and river training studies. Deals with mathematical modeling. Dealing with minor schemes up to a maximum of 1,000 ha in each unit. Planning and monitoring of minor irrigation. Small-scale water use planning. Implementation of surface and groundwater development. Information dissemination on agriculture technology including land and water use. Environment Dealing with environment
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From: Organizational Change for Par
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Report of the APO Seminar on Organi
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FOREWORD The significant achievemen
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ureaucracies and farmer organizatio
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officials as well as farmers) about
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productivity, and agricultural perf
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Role of Water Users Associations fo
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oles: it may be diversified and div
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irrigation systems? - for example,
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1.5 ha and there are 72 farmers. In
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1. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN IRRIGATIO
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In Phase I, Curve A - the marginal
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Mexico than in Asia. Government exp
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to well over 50 percent (Figure 3).
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increasing number of health and env
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Levine, Gilbert, Ko Hai Sheng and R
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This paper will present the legal f
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System Management Committees (SMCs)
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Planning Reflection Mobilization Ac
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(Irrigation Systems Improvement Pro
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Table 3. Results of the Survey on I
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Asst. Administrator Project Develop
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ecently completed foreign assisted
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d. Size of irrigated farm holding;
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started only in 1990 during the ins
Page 51 and 52: lectures without actual practice. M
Page 53 and 54: Defects in the construction of conv
Page 55 and 56: The FIO approach was also used in p
Page 57 and 58: eplacement of steel gates, repair o
Page 59 and 60: Days (hours) Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs.
Page 61 and 62: creeks fed by the return flows from
Page 63 and 64: if total collection is 50-60 percen
Page 65 and 66: emergency repairs during calamities
Page 67 and 68: of tapping and developing new sourc
Page 69 and 70: increased efficiency in O&M. While
Page 71 and 72: Cases have been reported where coop
Page 73 and 74: improvements should bring in modifi
Page 75 and 76: To attain self-reliance, local orga
Page 77 and 78: catalyzing the development of local
Page 79 and 80: Water Markets There are examples of
Page 81 and 82: is open to any Malaysian citizen of
Page 83 and 84: dumping-level prices to private com
Page 85 and 86: P 2 = Planned diversification of cr
Page 87 and 88: Unfortunately, in certain countries
Page 89 and 90: Tasks Related to Irrigation Managem
Page 91 and 92: Expected improvements in irrigation
Page 93 and 94: Dwivedi, R. C., 1996. "Role of Co-o
Page 95 and 96: 1. BANGLADESH INTRODUCTION - 143 -
Page 97 and 98: Dry Season Water Resources Gross dr
Page 99 and 100: Table 2. Irrigated Area by Irrigati
Page 101: And, a major strategy to increase f
Page 105 and 106: Stakeholders Types of stakeholders:
Page 107 and 108: WUOs. Representatives of the LGIs.
Page 109 and 110: circumstances stated above, PIM wil
Page 111 and 112: 2. REPUBLIC OF CHINA INTRODUCTION -
Page 113 and 114: Meeting Affairs Committee President
Page 115 and 116: Taiwan is irrigated. Most of the pa
Page 117 and 118: Table 5. Water Used by Agriculture
Page 119 and 120: - 167 - Figure 5. The Framework of
Page 121 and 122: Sugar Sugar remains fundamentally i
Page 123 and 124: (vii) Research policy, since the pr
Page 125 and 126: ii) More part-time farmers than ful
Page 127 and 128: Table 1. Plan-wise Position of Irri
Page 129 and 130: The details on some major irrigatio
Page 131 and 132: As a result the total live storage
Page 133 and 134: It is an informal farmers group wit
Page 135 and 136: The WRO of PWD has established 135
Page 137 and 138: logging, 3.06 million ha by soil sa
Page 139 and 140: 7. It is essential to have an unifo
Page 141 and 142: Prihar, S. S., 1995. “Management
Page 143 and 144: At the time of independence, net ir
Page 145 and 146: - 193 - Table 1. Growth of Sector-w
Page 147 and 148: Table 4. Investment on Major and Me
Page 149 and 150: Surface and groundwater potential i
Page 151 and 152: Table 10. Productivity of Two Main
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Table 12. Extent of Water-logging S
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CHANGES IN POLICIES AND RELEVANT ST
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2. Management of Groundwater While
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For the orderly administration of t
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in India are States and hence irrig
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with a broad profile of the functio
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Artisan Guilds which were supposed
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But due to very-very slow progress
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(i) Policy initiatives to effect or
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----------. Annual Reports, various
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CURRENT SITUATION OF IRRIGATION DEV
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Table 1. National Budget for Water
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Food security and sustaining self-s
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distributed to several agencies i.e
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FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR PIM IN INDONES
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7. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN INTRODU
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sector is about 38 percent. The mea
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On the basis of the defined duties,
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area of about 1,000 ha with the par
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iii) Integrated planning on the bas
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The final section is on the Nationa
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Figure 2. Indus Basin Irrigation Sy
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During Rabi (winter) all the natura
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Malakand Circle Chief Engineer O&M
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courses along the newly constructed
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would largely be confined to water
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9. PHILIPPINES - 253 - Enrique A. S
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there are inadequate number of fiel
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Presidential Decree (PD) No. 552 in
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Earlier Organizing and PIM Efforts
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clearing) in Type I and being remun
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Table 7. The Irrigation Management
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c. ISIP II Region NIS Service Area
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on a modal of very smallholding siz
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However, overall policy decisions,
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addition to handing over of O&M dut
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implemented to ensure farmer partic
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sector organizations including Maha
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farmers who had been the operators
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11. SRI LANKA (2) INTRODUCTION - 27
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Irrigation System Management before
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Figure 1 shows the current organiza
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3. Operations Under participatory m
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Under INMAS, an Institutional Devel
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The performance of FOs in water dis
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costs. The savings and the official
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Table 1. Major River Basins in Thai
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Economic and Social Development Pla
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Director General Senior Expert on I
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does not address water resources ma
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They typically adopt approaches, wh
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Table 5. Proposed Plan for Implemen
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farmers in water management”. Thi
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seasonal water requirements and sub
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Table 1. Steps to Transfer Manageme
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APO Seminar on Organizational Chang
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Ms. Aquilina D. Mendoza Supervising
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Ms. Barbara R. Doctor Project Offic
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Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management

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