Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management

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Environment and Inputs Expected Outputs Expected Impacts FO Inputs FO Communication Effective Coordination and Problem-solving Source: Brewer, 1994. Increased Crop Production Agency Communication - 284 - Agency Inputs Joint Management Committees Effective Agency Water Distribution Through FOs Other Agency Support Effective Seasonal Planning Increased Farm Income Figure 3. Relations Among Variables Affecting JMCs The major activities starting from the pre-participatory management situation Include following: 1. Seasonal Planning Seasonal planning is to be carried out by the JMCs instead of Kanna meetings. The basic idea is that, by using representatives of the farmers, instead of farmers themselves, the number can be made manageable so that farmers can have effective participation in seasonal planning decisions. 2. Operations Planning Under participatory management, operations planning is still carried out primarily by Irrigation Department or MEA engineers. However, the JMCs can discuss operations plans and set out basic parameters for the plans.
3. Operations Under participatory management, operations on field channels are the responsibility of FOs. Where turnover has occurred, operations on distributory channel are also the responsibility of FOs. The agencies retain responsibility for headworks and main system operations. 4. Maintenance Under participatory management, unless there has been turnover, the maintenance of all channels and structures other than field channels remains the sole responsibility of the Irrigation Department and MEA. FOs are responsible for maintaining field channels each season. Turnover implies that the FOs also take responsibility for maintenance of distributory channels. 5. Resource Mobilization With turnover, farmers are still supposed to pay the irrigation service fee, in addition to taking responsibility for operations on the field channels. The 1988 Cabinet Paper on the participatory management policy proposes turning over O&M responsibility, including responsibility for resource mobilization, for field and distributory channels to FOs. In return, the farmers would be exempted from their obligation to pay the irrigation service fee. The Cabinet Paper clearly was a response to the difficulty in collecting the service fee. Table 1 contrasts the management responsibilities that prevailed before participatory management with the assignment of management responsibilities under participatory management. Table 1. Comparison of Pre-participatory Management and Participatory Management Systems Management Function Pre-participatory Management 1) Seasonal planning Done by agencies and ratified at Kanna meetings. 2) Operations planning Done by agencies, basic plans ratified by Kanna meetings. 3) Distributory channel operations 4) Field channel operations 5) Headworks, main channel, branch channel maintenance 6) Distributory channel maintenance 7) Field channel maintenance - 285 - Participatory Management Done by PMCs. Done by agencies, basic plans ratified by PMCs. Carried out by irrigation agencies. Carried out by FOs after turnover. Carried out by irrigation agencies. Carried out by FOs. Planned and carried out by irrigation agencies. Planned and carried out by irrigation agencies. Done by individual farmers under direction of the Yaya Palakas of the Agrarian Services Department. Carried out by irrigation agencies in priority order determined by PMCs. Planned and carried out by FOs after turnover. Done by FOs.
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From: Organizational Change for Par
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Report of the APO Seminar on Organi
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FOREWORD The significant achievemen
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ureaucracies and farmer organizatio
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officials as well as farmers) about
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productivity, and agricultural perf
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Role of Water Users Associations fo
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oles: it may be diversified and div
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irrigation systems? - for example,
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1.5 ha and there are 72 farmers. In
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1. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN IRRIGATIO
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In Phase I, Curve A - the marginal
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Mexico than in Asia. Government exp
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to well over 50 percent (Figure 3).
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increasing number of health and env
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Levine, Gilbert, Ko Hai Sheng and R
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This paper will present the legal f
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System Management Committees (SMCs)
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Planning Reflection Mobilization Ac
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(Irrigation Systems Improvement Pro
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Table 3. Results of the Survey on I
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Asst. Administrator Project Develop
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ecently completed foreign assisted
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d. Size of irrigated farm holding;
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started only in 1990 during the ins
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lectures without actual practice. M
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Defects in the construction of conv
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The FIO approach was also used in p
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eplacement of steel gates, repair o
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Days (hours) Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs.
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creeks fed by the return flows from
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if total collection is 50-60 percen
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emergency repairs during calamities
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of tapping and developing new sourc
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increased efficiency in O&M. While
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Cases have been reported where coop
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improvements should bring in modifi
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To attain self-reliance, local orga
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catalyzing the development of local
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Water Markets There are examples of
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is open to any Malaysian citizen of
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dumping-level prices to private com
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P 2 = Planned diversification of cr
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Unfortunately, in certain countries
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Tasks Related to Irrigation Managem
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Expected improvements in irrigation
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Dwivedi, R. C., 1996. "Role of Co-o
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1. BANGLADESH INTRODUCTION - 143 -
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Dry Season Water Resources Gross dr
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Table 2. Irrigated Area by Irrigati
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And, a major strategy to increase f
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d) To bring institutional changes t
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Stakeholders Types of stakeholders:
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WUOs. Representatives of the LGIs.
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circumstances stated above, PIM wil
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2. REPUBLIC OF CHINA INTRODUCTION -
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Meeting Affairs Committee President
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Taiwan is irrigated. Most of the pa
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Table 5. Water Used by Agriculture
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- 167 - Figure 5. The Framework of
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Sugar Sugar remains fundamentally i
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(vii) Research policy, since the pr
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ii) More part-time farmers than ful
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Table 1. Plan-wise Position of Irri
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The details on some major irrigatio
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As a result the total live storage
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It is an informal farmers group wit
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The WRO of PWD has established 135
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logging, 3.06 million ha by soil sa
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7. It is essential to have an unifo
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Prihar, S. S., 1995. “Management
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At the time of independence, net ir
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- 193 - Table 1. Growth of Sector-w
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Table 4. Investment on Major and Me
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Surface and groundwater potential i
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Table 10. Productivity of Two Main
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Table 12. Extent of Water-logging S
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CHANGES IN POLICIES AND RELEVANT ST
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2. Management of Groundwater While
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For the orderly administration of t
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in India are States and hence irrig
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with a broad profile of the functio
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Artisan Guilds which were supposed
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But due to very-very slow progress
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(i) Policy initiatives to effect or
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----------. Annual Reports, various
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CURRENT SITUATION OF IRRIGATION DEV
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Table 1. National Budget for Water
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Food security and sustaining self-s
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distributed to several agencies i.e
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FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR PIM IN INDONES
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7. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN INTRODU
Page 185 and 186: sector is about 38 percent. The mea
Page 187 and 188: On the basis of the defined duties,
Page 189 and 190: area of about 1,000 ha with the par
Page 191 and 192: iii) Integrated planning on the bas
Page 193 and 194: The final section is on the Nationa
Page 195 and 196: Figure 2. Indus Basin Irrigation Sy
Page 197 and 198: During Rabi (winter) all the natura
Page 199 and 200: Malakand Circle Chief Engineer O&M
Page 201 and 202: courses along the newly constructed
Page 203 and 204: would largely be confined to water
Page 205 and 206: 9. PHILIPPINES - 253 - Enrique A. S
Page 207 and 208: there are inadequate number of fiel
Page 209 and 210: Presidential Decree (PD) No. 552 in
Page 211 and 212: Earlier Organizing and PIM Efforts
Page 213 and 214: clearing) in Type I and being remun
Page 215 and 216: Table 7. The Irrigation Management
Page 217 and 218: c. ISIP II Region NIS Service Area
Page 219 and 220: on a modal of very smallholding siz
Page 221 and 222: However, overall policy decisions,
Page 223 and 224: addition to handing over of O&M dut
Page 225 and 226: implemented to ensure farmer partic
Page 227 and 228: sector organizations including Maha
Page 229 and 230: farmers who had been the operators
Page 231 and 232: 11. SRI LANKA (2) INTRODUCTION - 27
Page 233 and 234: Irrigation System Management before
Page 235: Figure 1 shows the current organiza
Page 239 and 240: Under INMAS, an Institutional Devel
Page 241 and 242: The performance of FOs in water dis
Page 243 and 244: costs. The savings and the official
Page 245 and 246: Table 1. Major River Basins in Thai
Page 247 and 248: Economic and Social Development Pla
Page 249 and 250: Director General Senior Expert on I
Page 251 and 252: does not address water resources ma
Page 253 and 254: They typically adopt approaches, wh
Page 255 and 256: Table 5. Proposed Plan for Implemen
Page 257 and 258: farmers in water management”. Thi
Page 259 and 260: seasonal water requirements and sub
Page 261 and 262: Table 1. Steps to Transfer Manageme
Page 263 and 264: APO Seminar on Organizational Chang
Page 265 and 266: Ms. Aquilina D. Mendoza Supervising
Page 267 and 268: Ms. Barbara R. Doctor Project Offic
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Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management

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