Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management

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Decision Support System (DSS) Other than data, there are estimating models involved in the demand estimation process for irrigation management. Different models lead to different results. In Taiwan, other than the need for an efficient irrigation management, there is a demand for water resource reallocation from the shortage of water supplies. The water reallocation among different water use sectors is a highly controversial issue. The final decision usually comes from negotiations and compromise. It may need to study different scenarios and to switch demand-estimating model from one to another for comparison. A DSS is an instrument that enables the operator or manager of a water resources system to investigate the influence of factors or of decision alternatives that are not included in a model (Nathan Buras, 2000). A DSS consists of three major components: the database, the model base, and the interfaces. The decision-maker may set up scenarios through the user interface, and examines the possible impacts generated by the models from the model base for better decisions. In a negotiation or planning processes, different candidate models from the model base may also be used to examine the discrepancy for final reconciliation. Since the data involved in regional irrigation demand planning are mostly spatially distributed, the DSS so built is referred as a Spatial DSS (SDSS). An SDSS for agricultural demand planning will be presented in this paper. With all related data and models built in, it will be an efficient tool for better demand planning by setting up different scenarios and revealing the impacts under those scenarios. Geographic Database Maps and database relevant to irrigation demand planning are co-prepared. The geodatabase consists of distribution maps of soil, cropping pattern, weather characteristics, canal network, and administration boundary. The command area of the largest irrigation association is used as the target area and the GIS is used for better capture of the spatial variation of data. The Framework of SDSS for Irrigation Planning The framework of the SDSS for irrigation planning consists of three major components: the database, the model base, and the Graphic User Interface (GUI). The GUI facilitates the setup of the scenarios. The user may easily change the cropping pattern through the help of map display and dialog system. The system will report the distribution of areas for different cropping patterns before and after the change made. Irrigation demands are then computed by the estimating model assigned and details reported by administration areas. Regional irrigation demand planning is a very important issue for irrigation management especially when the water supply is limited. Adjustments should be made to cut down the irrigation demands. There are many alternatives that will produce similar demand but with different impacts. With a decision support tool better decisions may be achieved with minimal impact to the farmers and farming. Figure 5 illustrates the concept and framework of SDSS related to irrigation planning. - 166 -
- 167 - Figure 5. The Framework of the SDSS
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From: Organizational Change for Par
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Report of the APO Seminar on Organi
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FOREWORD The significant achievemen
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ureaucracies and farmer organizatio
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officials as well as farmers) about
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productivity, and agricultural perf
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Role of Water Users Associations fo
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oles: it may be diversified and div
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irrigation systems? - for example,
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1.5 ha and there are 72 farmers. In
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1. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN IRRIGATIO
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In Phase I, Curve A - the marginal
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Mexico than in Asia. Government exp
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to well over 50 percent (Figure 3).
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increasing number of health and env
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Levine, Gilbert, Ko Hai Sheng and R
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This paper will present the legal f
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System Management Committees (SMCs)
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Planning Reflection Mobilization Ac
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(Irrigation Systems Improvement Pro
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Table 3. Results of the Survey on I
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Asst. Administrator Project Develop
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ecently completed foreign assisted
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d. Size of irrigated farm holding;
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started only in 1990 during the ins
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lectures without actual practice. M
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Defects in the construction of conv
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The FIO approach was also used in p
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eplacement of steel gates, repair o
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Days (hours) Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs.
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creeks fed by the return flows from
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if total collection is 50-60 percen
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emergency repairs during calamities
Page 67 and 68: of tapping and developing new sourc
Page 69 and 70: increased efficiency in O&M. While
Page 71 and 72: Cases have been reported where coop
Page 73 and 74: improvements should bring in modifi
Page 75 and 76: To attain self-reliance, local orga
Page 77 and 78: catalyzing the development of local
Page 79 and 80: Water Markets There are examples of
Page 81 and 82: is open to any Malaysian citizen of
Page 83 and 84: dumping-level prices to private com
Page 85 and 86: P 2 = Planned diversification of cr
Page 87 and 88: Unfortunately, in certain countries
Page 89 and 90: Tasks Related to Irrigation Managem
Page 91 and 92: Expected improvements in irrigation
Page 93 and 94: Dwivedi, R. C., 1996. "Role of Co-o
Page 95 and 96: 1. BANGLADESH INTRODUCTION - 143 -
Page 97 and 98: Dry Season Water Resources Gross dr
Page 99 and 100: Table 2. Irrigated Area by Irrigati
Page 101 and 102: And, a major strategy to increase f
Page 103 and 104: d) To bring institutional changes t
Page 105 and 106: Stakeholders Types of stakeholders:
Page 107 and 108: WUOs. Representatives of the LGIs.
Page 109 and 110: circumstances stated above, PIM wil
Page 111 and 112: 2. REPUBLIC OF CHINA INTRODUCTION -
Page 113 and 114: Meeting Affairs Committee President
Page 115 and 116: Taiwan is irrigated. Most of the pa
Page 117: Table 5. Water Used by Agriculture
Page 121 and 122: Sugar Sugar remains fundamentally i
Page 123 and 124: (vii) Research policy, since the pr
Page 125 and 126: ii) More part-time farmers than ful
Page 127 and 128: Table 1. Plan-wise Position of Irri
Page 129 and 130: The details on some major irrigatio
Page 131 and 132: As a result the total live storage
Page 133 and 134: It is an informal farmers group wit
Page 135 and 136: The WRO of PWD has established 135
Page 137 and 138: logging, 3.06 million ha by soil sa
Page 139 and 140: 7. It is essential to have an unifo
Page 141 and 142: Prihar, S. S., 1995. “Management
Page 143 and 144: At the time of independence, net ir
Page 145 and 146: - 193 - Table 1. Growth of Sector-w
Page 147 and 148: Table 4. Investment on Major and Me
Page 149 and 150: Surface and groundwater potential i
Page 151 and 152: Table 10. Productivity of Two Main
Page 153 and 154: Table 12. Extent of Water-logging S
Page 155 and 156: CHANGES IN POLICIES AND RELEVANT ST
Page 157 and 158: 2. Management of Groundwater While
Page 159 and 160: For the orderly administration of t
Page 161 and 162: in India are States and hence irrig
Page 163 and 164: with a broad profile of the functio
Page 165 and 166: Artisan Guilds which were supposed
Page 167 and 168: But due to very-very slow progress
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(i) Policy initiatives to effect or
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----------. Annual Reports, various
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CURRENT SITUATION OF IRRIGATION DEV
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Table 1. National Budget for Water
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Food security and sustaining self-s
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distributed to several agencies i.e
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FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR PIM IN INDONES
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7. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN INTRODU
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sector is about 38 percent. The mea
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On the basis of the defined duties,
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area of about 1,000 ha with the par
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iii) Integrated planning on the bas
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The final section is on the Nationa
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Figure 2. Indus Basin Irrigation Sy
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During Rabi (winter) all the natura
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Malakand Circle Chief Engineer O&M
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courses along the newly constructed
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would largely be confined to water
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9. PHILIPPINES - 253 - Enrique A. S
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there are inadequate number of fiel
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Presidential Decree (PD) No. 552 in
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Earlier Organizing and PIM Efforts
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clearing) in Type I and being remun
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Table 7. The Irrigation Management
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c. ISIP II Region NIS Service Area
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on a modal of very smallholding siz
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However, overall policy decisions,
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addition to handing over of O&M dut
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implemented to ensure farmer partic
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sector organizations including Maha
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farmers who had been the operators
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11. SRI LANKA (2) INTRODUCTION - 27
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Irrigation System Management before
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Figure 1 shows the current organiza
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3. Operations Under participatory m
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Under INMAS, an Institutional Devel
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The performance of FOs in water dis
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costs. The savings and the official
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Table 1. Major River Basins in Thai
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Economic and Social Development Pla
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Director General Senior Expert on I
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does not address water resources ma
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They typically adopt approaches, wh
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Table 5. Proposed Plan for Implemen
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farmers in water management”. Thi
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seasonal water requirements and sub
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Table 1. Steps to Transfer Manageme
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APO Seminar on Organizational Chang
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Ms. Aquilina D. Mendoza Supervising
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Ms. Barbara R. Doctor Project Offic
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