Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management
Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management
Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management
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Table 10. Productivity of Two Main Crops in Major States of India<br />
(Unit: Kg/ha)<br />
States Rice Wheat<br />
Madhya Pradesh 1,093 1,755<br />
Maharashtra 1,689 1,460<br />
Manipur 2,149 -<br />
Meghalaya 1,075 1,452<br />
Mizoram 1,543 -<br />
Nagaland 1,321 2,500<br />
Orissa 1,375 1,320<br />
Punjab 3,132 4,235<br />
Rajasthan 843 2,740<br />
Sikkim 1,377 1,741<br />
Tamil Nadu 2,712 -<br />
Tripura 2,011 1,950<br />
Uttar Pradesh 1,862 2,659<br />
West Bengal 1,997 2,390<br />
India 1,879 2,671<br />
Another salient feature of crop productivity in India is that crop yields are generally<br />
higher by one-third or half in the tube-well irrigated (groundwater irrigated) areas than canal<br />
irrigated areas as is clear from Table 11. This is primarily due to the fact that groundwater<br />
offers greater control over the supply of water than the other sources of irrigation. As a result,<br />
groundwater irrigation encourages complementary investment in fertilizers, pesticides and highyielding<br />
varieties leading to higher yield.<br />
Table 11. Productivity of Some Main Crops by Source of <strong>Irrigation</strong><br />
Crop Canal<br />
Public<br />
Tube-well<br />
- 199 -<br />
Purchased from<br />
Tube-well<br />
(Unit: Kg/acre)<br />
Own<br />
Tube-well<br />
Wheat 672 747 784 896<br />
Rice 522 709 784 859<br />
Corn 261 299 373 785<br />
Problems of Irrigated Agriculture, <strong>Change</strong> in Policies and Relevant Strategies<br />
Despite the massive investment in irrigation and in spite of impressive growth of<br />
agricultural production, the development is also associated with a host of problems, which<br />
appear to create a shadow of doubt about its future potentialities and sustainability. Analysis<br />
of irrigation development reveals that it is beset with the problems of increasing disparities and<br />
growing inefficiencies with which the systems are operated.<br />
These problems are clearly related to the pattern of investment and creation of network<br />
of irrigation system as well as to the organization of water management institutions <strong>for</strong> such<br />
systems created. Despite reasonable extension of irrigation in India during the last several<br />
decades and the large production and employment gains that it had made possible, most of
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