Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management

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----------, 1998. "Shared Control of Natural Resources, SCOR a Market-oriented Watershed Management Strategy", paper presented at the National Conference on the Status and Future Directions of Water Research in Sri Lanka, Water Management Institute, IWMI, November 1998, Colombo, Sri Lanka. ----------, 1999. "Social Capital and Rural Infrastructure Strengthening the Active Participation of Rural People", paper presented at the international seminar on Rural Infrastructure Development, sponsored by the Asian Productivity Organization, 23 October - 3 November 1999, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran (forthcoming). Wijayaratna, C. M., Eleanor Pinto, Ma Delia M. Valdez, Robert W. Latus and Ma. Victoria V. Solis, 1996. "Farmers Organizing Farmers A Methodological Study of Farmer Irrigators' Organization Program in the Philippines", IIMI. - 139 -
1. BANGLADESH INTRODUCTION - 143 - Ashab Uddin Mahmud Member-Director (Irrigation) Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation Dhaka Bangladesh is richly endowed with water resources, with an elaborate network of rivers criss-crossing the country. However, the availability of water for productive use is characterized by wide seasonal as well as spatial variability. As such, the planning and management of country’s water resources must take into account the dual problem of flooding and water shortage, along with the competing demands of various water using sectors, including agriculture, domestic, fisheries, industry, navigation and environment. The water regime of Bangladesh has made it one of the most rice intensive agricultural systems in the world. Farmers in Bangladesh have adopted themselves to country’s unique water regime in many ways. Growth in grain production is almost directly related to the availability of irrigation, the indispensable “platform” supporting all other Green Revolution units. Water resources development is directly linked with irrigation expansion which is instrumental in increasing the production of crops and management of water through flood control, drainage improvement and river training measures. National Water Policy (NWP) adopted in 1999 provides guidelines for identification of future programs of government as well as non-government sectors for the optimum development and sound management of water resources. To operationalize the water policy, a National Water Management Plan (NWMP) with an integrated approach is being developed. The NWMP aims at optimal use of available water resources and distribution of benefits to all concerned. Socio-economic Overview Arguably, the most critical problem faced by Bangladesh is the large size of its population. Population pressures have added to the stress on natural resources, including water and contributed to their over-exploitation. However, the country has succeeded in significantly reducing the population growth rate over the years. In 1973, the population was 74 million, measuring at a rate of 3 percent per annum. The population growth rate was down to 2.17 percent by 1991 and, currently it is below 2 percent. But, in absolute terms, the population has increased by 52 million or more in 25 years since 1973. The national goal is to reach a zero population growth status by 2045. The estimated population of the country, as of 1999, is about 128 million with a population density of about 860 persons per km 2 . Bangladesh has remained an agrarian society. Nearly 75 percent of the population is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture although this sectors contributes only about 30 percent to the national GDP. Agriculture is still the main user of water and its share in water
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From: Organizational Change for Par
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Report of the APO Seminar on Organi
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FOREWORD The significant achievemen
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ureaucracies and farmer organizatio
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officials as well as farmers) about
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productivity, and agricultural perf
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Role of Water Users Associations fo
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oles: it may be diversified and div
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irrigation systems? - for example,
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1.5 ha and there are 72 farmers. In
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1. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN IRRIGATIO
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In Phase I, Curve A - the marginal
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Mexico than in Asia. Government exp
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to well over 50 percent (Figure 3).
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increasing number of health and env
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Levine, Gilbert, Ko Hai Sheng and R
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This paper will present the legal f
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System Management Committees (SMCs)
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Planning Reflection Mobilization Ac
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(Irrigation Systems Improvement Pro
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Table 3. Results of the Survey on I
Page 43 and 44: Asst. Administrator Project Develop
Page 45 and 46: ecently completed foreign assisted
Page 47 and 48: d. Size of irrigated farm holding;
Page 49 and 50: started only in 1990 during the ins
Page 51 and 52: lectures without actual practice. M
Page 53 and 54: Defects in the construction of conv
Page 55 and 56: The FIO approach was also used in p
Page 57 and 58: eplacement of steel gates, repair o
Page 59 and 60: Days (hours) Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs.
Page 61 and 62: creeks fed by the return flows from
Page 63 and 64: if total collection is 50-60 percen
Page 65 and 66: emergency repairs during calamities
Page 67 and 68: of tapping and developing new sourc
Page 69 and 70: increased efficiency in O&M. While
Page 71 and 72: Cases have been reported where coop
Page 73 and 74: improvements should bring in modifi
Page 75 and 76: To attain self-reliance, local orga
Page 77 and 78: catalyzing the development of local
Page 79 and 80: Water Markets There are examples of
Page 81 and 82: is open to any Malaysian citizen of
Page 83 and 84: dumping-level prices to private com
Page 85 and 86: P 2 = Planned diversification of cr
Page 87 and 88: Unfortunately, in certain countries
Page 89 and 90: Tasks Related to Irrigation Managem
Page 91 and 92: Expected improvements in irrigation
Page 93: Dwivedi, R. C., 1996. "Role of Co-o
Page 97 and 98: Dry Season Water Resources Gross dr
Page 99 and 100: Table 2. Irrigated Area by Irrigati
Page 101 and 102: And, a major strategy to increase f
Page 103 and 104: d) To bring institutional changes t
Page 105 and 106: Stakeholders Types of stakeholders:
Page 107 and 108: WUOs. Representatives of the LGIs.
Page 109 and 110: circumstances stated above, PIM wil
Page 111 and 112: 2. REPUBLIC OF CHINA INTRODUCTION -
Page 113 and 114: Meeting Affairs Committee President
Page 115 and 116: Taiwan is irrigated. Most of the pa
Page 117 and 118: Table 5. Water Used by Agriculture
Page 119 and 120: - 167 - Figure 5. The Framework of
Page 121 and 122: Sugar Sugar remains fundamentally i
Page 123 and 124: (vii) Research policy, since the pr
Page 125 and 126: ii) More part-time farmers than ful
Page 127 and 128: Table 1. Plan-wise Position of Irri
Page 129 and 130: The details on some major irrigatio
Page 131 and 132: As a result the total live storage
Page 133 and 134: It is an informal farmers group wit
Page 135 and 136: The WRO of PWD has established 135
Page 137 and 138: logging, 3.06 million ha by soil sa
Page 139 and 140: 7. It is essential to have an unifo
Page 141 and 142: Prihar, S. S., 1995. “Management
Page 143 and 144: At the time of independence, net ir
Page 145 and 146:
- 193 - Table 1. Growth of Sector-w
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Table 4. Investment on Major and Me
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Surface and groundwater potential i
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Table 10. Productivity of Two Main
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Table 12. Extent of Water-logging S
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CHANGES IN POLICIES AND RELEVANT ST
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2. Management of Groundwater While
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For the orderly administration of t
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in India are States and hence irrig
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with a broad profile of the functio
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Artisan Guilds which were supposed
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But due to very-very slow progress
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(i) Policy initiatives to effect or
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----------. Annual Reports, various
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CURRENT SITUATION OF IRRIGATION DEV
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Table 1. National Budget for Water
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Food security and sustaining self-s
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distributed to several agencies i.e
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FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR PIM IN INDONES
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7. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN INTRODU
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sector is about 38 percent. The mea
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On the basis of the defined duties,
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area of about 1,000 ha with the par
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iii) Integrated planning on the bas
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The final section is on the Nationa
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Figure 2. Indus Basin Irrigation Sy
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During Rabi (winter) all the natura
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Malakand Circle Chief Engineer O&M
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courses along the newly constructed
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would largely be confined to water
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9. PHILIPPINES - 253 - Enrique A. S
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there are inadequate number of fiel
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Presidential Decree (PD) No. 552 in
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Earlier Organizing and PIM Efforts
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clearing) in Type I and being remun
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Table 7. The Irrigation Management
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c. ISIP II Region NIS Service Area
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on a modal of very smallholding siz
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However, overall policy decisions,
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addition to handing over of O&M dut
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implemented to ensure farmer partic
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sector organizations including Maha
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farmers who had been the operators
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11. SRI LANKA (2) INTRODUCTION - 27
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Irrigation System Management before
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Figure 1 shows the current organiza
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3. Operations Under participatory m
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Under INMAS, an Institutional Devel
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The performance of FOs in water dis
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costs. The savings and the official
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Table 1. Major River Basins in Thai
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Economic and Social Development Pla
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Director General Senior Expert on I
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does not address water resources ma
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They typically adopt approaches, wh
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Table 5. Proposed Plan for Implemen
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farmers in water management”. Thi
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seasonal water requirements and sub
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Table 1. Steps to Transfer Manageme
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APO Seminar on Organizational Chang
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Ms. Aquilina D. Mendoza Supervising
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Ms. Barbara R. Doctor Project Offic
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