Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management

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xi. Policy and regulation; xii. Technical and engineering aspects; xiii. Transfiguring (establishment of AWBs and farmers' organizations); xiv. Change management; and xv. Monitoring and evaluation of the reform program. The NDP is the key to the introduction of participatory irrigation management in operation of irrigation systems in Pakistan. CONCLUSION The concept of participatory irrigation is not new in Pakistan. There are canals namely civil canal being operated and maintained by the beneficiaries. These canals were historically constructed by the beneficiaries themselves and enjoy historical water rights. The distribution of the water is governed by a legal document called Kuliyet-i-Abpashi (Regulation of Irrigation). The civil canals in NWFP command an area of 0.8 million acres throughout the province whereas the government canals maintained and operated by the state agency measures 1.3 million acres. The operation and distribution of the canals according to their allocated shares are managed through Irrigation Committee represented by the beneficiaries of the different areas to ensure that equitable distribution of water according to the historically allocated shares as per established regulations. Any dispute arising out of the distribution in case the committee fails in deciding upon is referred to the District Collector for arbitration and decisions. Field interviews taken on different pilot projects within the country clearly indicates that the water users are keen to undertake the responsibility for effective water distribution within the distributory and minor. In such a context the water users should share responsibility with the government, and does not mean total independence from the government but in the context of participation. An important responsibility that should accompany participatory irrigation management is the accountability that is associated with this concept. - 252 -
9. PHILIPPINES - 253 - Enrique A. Sabio, Jr. Division Manager A Irrigators Assistance Division Institutional Development Department, and Aquilina D. Mendoza Supervising Industrial Relations Development Officer System Management Department both National Irrigation Administration Quezon City CURRENT SITUATION OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT Irrigated Area The total irrigable area in the Philippines is 3,126,340 ha. Out of this area, which is defined as the area under 0-3 percent slope, only 1,373,825 ha or 43.94 percent have been provided with irrigation facilities and structures. The remaining area to be developed is 1,752,515 ha or 56.06 percent. Of the developed area, 50.15 percent (689,010 ha), 37.17 percent (510,615 ha) and 12.68 percent (174,200 ha) are within the National Irrigation Systems (NIS), Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS) and Private Irrigation Systems (PIS), respectively. There are 190 NISs, which are owned and operated by the National Irrigation Administration (NIA). NISs fall into three categories: a) Run-of-the river gravity systems; b) Reservoir systems; and c) Pump systems. Most NISs have service areas larger than 1,000 ha. CISs are farmer-owned and operated community irrigation systems and usually cover service areas of less than 1,000 ha. NIA has constructed most of these systems and recovers the system’s capital costs through annual amortization paid by Irrigation Associations (IAs)/farmers. The payback period for the capital costs of CISs is 50 years without interest. PISs are owned and operated by individuals, groups or organizations. On the regional basis, Cordillera Administrative Region CAR) is the most developed area (73.01 percent) while Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) is the least developed area (9.04 percent). Generated and Rehabilitated Area The annual generated (new) and rehabilitated areas from 1987 to 1999 (12 years) are presented in Table 1. The generated area was 236,282 ha or an annual average of 18,175 ha. The generated area in CIS (136,528 ha) is higher than the NIS (99,754 ha).
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From: Organizational Change for Par
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Report of the APO Seminar on Organi
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FOREWORD The significant achievemen
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ureaucracies and farmer organizatio
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officials as well as farmers) about
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productivity, and agricultural perf
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Role of Water Users Associations fo
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oles: it may be diversified and div
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irrigation systems? - for example,
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1.5 ha and there are 72 farmers. In
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1. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN IRRIGATIO
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In Phase I, Curve A - the marginal
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Mexico than in Asia. Government exp
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to well over 50 percent (Figure 3).
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increasing number of health and env
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Levine, Gilbert, Ko Hai Sheng and R
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This paper will present the legal f
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System Management Committees (SMCs)
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Planning Reflection Mobilization Ac
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(Irrigation Systems Improvement Pro
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Table 3. Results of the Survey on I
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Asst. Administrator Project Develop
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ecently completed foreign assisted
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d. Size of irrigated farm holding;
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started only in 1990 during the ins
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lectures without actual practice. M
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Defects in the construction of conv
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The FIO approach was also used in p
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eplacement of steel gates, repair o
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Days (hours) Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs.
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creeks fed by the return flows from
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if total collection is 50-60 percen
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emergency repairs during calamities
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of tapping and developing new sourc
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increased efficiency in O&M. While
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Cases have been reported where coop
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improvements should bring in modifi
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To attain self-reliance, local orga
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catalyzing the development of local
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Water Markets There are examples of
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is open to any Malaysian citizen of
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dumping-level prices to private com
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P 2 = Planned diversification of cr
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Unfortunately, in certain countries
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Tasks Related to Irrigation Managem
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Expected improvements in irrigation
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Dwivedi, R. C., 1996. "Role of Co-o
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1. BANGLADESH INTRODUCTION - 143 -
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Dry Season Water Resources Gross dr
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Table 2. Irrigated Area by Irrigati
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And, a major strategy to increase f
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d) To bring institutional changes t
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Stakeholders Types of stakeholders:
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WUOs. Representatives of the LGIs.
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circumstances stated above, PIM wil
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2. REPUBLIC OF CHINA INTRODUCTION -
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Meeting Affairs Committee President
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Taiwan is irrigated. Most of the pa
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Table 5. Water Used by Agriculture
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- 167 - Figure 5. The Framework of
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Sugar Sugar remains fundamentally i
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(vii) Research policy, since the pr
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ii) More part-time farmers than ful
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Table 1. Plan-wise Position of Irri
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The details on some major irrigatio
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As a result the total live storage
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It is an informal farmers group wit
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The WRO of PWD has established 135
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logging, 3.06 million ha by soil sa
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7. It is essential to have an unifo
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Prihar, S. S., 1995. “Management
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At the time of independence, net ir
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- 193 - Table 1. Growth of Sector-w
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Table 4. Investment on Major and Me
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Surface and groundwater potential i
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Table 10. Productivity of Two Main
Page 153 and 154: Table 12. Extent of Water-logging S
Page 155 and 156: CHANGES IN POLICIES AND RELEVANT ST
Page 157 and 158: 2. Management of Groundwater While
Page 159 and 160: For the orderly administration of t
Page 161 and 162: in India are States and hence irrig
Page 163 and 164: with a broad profile of the functio
Page 165 and 166: Artisan Guilds which were supposed
Page 167 and 168: But due to very-very slow progress
Page 169 and 170: (i) Policy initiatives to effect or
Page 171 and 172: ----------. Annual Reports, various
Page 173 and 174: CURRENT SITUATION OF IRRIGATION DEV
Page 175 and 176: Table 1. National Budget for Water
Page 177 and 178: Food security and sustaining self-s
Page 179 and 180: distributed to several agencies i.e
Page 181 and 182: FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR PIM IN INDONES
Page 183 and 184: 7. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN INTRODU
Page 185 and 186: sector is about 38 percent. The mea
Page 187 and 188: On the basis of the defined duties,
Page 189 and 190: area of about 1,000 ha with the par
Page 191 and 192: iii) Integrated planning on the bas
Page 193 and 194: The final section is on the Nationa
Page 195 and 196: Figure 2. Indus Basin Irrigation Sy
Page 197 and 198: During Rabi (winter) all the natura
Page 199 and 200: Malakand Circle Chief Engineer O&M
Page 201 and 202: courses along the newly constructed
Page 203: would largely be confined to water
Page 207 and 208: there are inadequate number of fiel
Page 209 and 210: Presidential Decree (PD) No. 552 in
Page 211 and 212: Earlier Organizing and PIM Efforts
Page 213 and 214: clearing) in Type I and being remun
Page 215 and 216: Table 7. The Irrigation Management
Page 217 and 218: c. ISIP II Region NIS Service Area
Page 219 and 220: on a modal of very smallholding siz
Page 221 and 222: However, overall policy decisions,
Page 223 and 224: addition to handing over of O&M dut
Page 225 and 226: implemented to ensure farmer partic
Page 227 and 228: sector organizations including Maha
Page 229 and 230: farmers who had been the operators
Page 231 and 232: 11. SRI LANKA (2) INTRODUCTION - 27
Page 233 and 234: Irrigation System Management before
Page 235 and 236: Figure 1 shows the current organiza
Page 237 and 238: 3. Operations Under participatory m
Page 239 and 240: Under INMAS, an Institutional Devel
Page 241 and 242: The performance of FOs in water dis
Page 243 and 244: costs. The savings and the official
Page 245 and 246: Table 1. Major River Basins in Thai
Page 247 and 248: Economic and Social Development Pla
Page 249 and 250: Director General Senior Expert on I
Page 251 and 252: does not address water resources ma
Page 253 and 254: They typically adopt approaches, wh
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Table 5. Proposed Plan for Implemen
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farmers in water management”. Thi
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seasonal water requirements and sub
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Table 1. Steps to Transfer Manageme
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APO Seminar on Organizational Chang
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Ms. Aquilina D. Mendoza Supervising
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Ms. Barbara R. Doctor Project Offic
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Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management

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