Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management

Figure 1. Country Map
2. Small-scale Water Development
The infrequent flows in the smaller streams have been developed through traditional
means such as Rod Kohi and more recently attention has been paid to the construction of small
dams.
3. Groundwater Development
A massive development of groundwater from the Indus basin aquifer has taken place due
to the outcome of the Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects (SCARPs) under which large
capacity tube-wells were installed in the public sector in the irrigated area to control waterlogging.
From 1964 to 1996 the number of private tube-wells in the country has jumped from
27,000 to 469,546 which represents an average growth rate of 9.4 percent. Approximately 80
percent of these tube-wells are driven by diesel engines.
Potential of the Remaining Water Resources
1. Surface Water Potential
The surface water inflows of the Indus and its principal tributaries, the Jhelum and
Chenab, the canal diversions and the outflows to the sea, following the completion of the
Tarbela Dam are shown in season-wise as Table 1.
The average inflow of 179.34 billion m 3 or 76 percent is diverted annually into the
irrigation system and 50.60 billion m 3 flows out to the sea.
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