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Debugging IBM Cell Broadband Engine Programs SLURM is an open-source resource manager designed for Linux clusters of all sizes. It provides three key functions. First it allocates exclusive and/ or non-exclusive access to resources (computer nodes) to users for some duration of time so they can perform work. Second, it provides a framework for starting, executing, and monitoring work (typically a parallel job) on a set of allocated nodes. Finally, it arbitrates conflicting requests for resources by managing a queue of pending work. SLURM is not a sophisticated batch system, but it does provide an Applications Programming Interface (API) for integration with external schedulers such as the Maui Scheduler. While other resource managers do exist, SLURM is unique in several respects: � Its source code is freely available under the GNU General Public License. � It is designed to operate in a heterogeneous cluster with up to thousands of nodes. � It is portable; written in C with a GNU autoconf configuration engine. While initially written for Linux, other UNIX-like operating systems should be easy porting targets. A plugin mechanism exists to support various interconnects, authentication mechanisms, schedulers, etc. � SLURM is highly tolerant of system failures, including failure of the node executing its control functions. � It is simple enough for the motivated end user to understand its source and add functionality. Debugging IBM Cell Broadband Engine Programs The IBM Cell Broadband Engine is a heterogeneous computer having a PPE (PowerPC Processor Element) and eight SPEs (Synergistic Processor Elements). Despite being a heterogeneous computer, the way you debug Cell programs is nearly identical to the way you use TotalView to debug programs running on other architectures. (See Figure 98 on page 139.) Of course, the way in which programs are loaded and execute mean there are a few differences. For example, when a context is created on an SPU (Synergistic Processor Unit), this context is not initialized; instead, resources are simply allocated. This empty context is visible, but there are no stack traces or source displays. There is no equivalent to this on other architectures that TotalView supports. At a later time, the PPU (PowerPC Processor Unit) will load an SPU image into this context and tell it to run. In all cases, when you focus on a PPU thread, only the PPU address space is visible. Similarly, when you focus on an SPU thread, the address space of that SPU thread is visible. 138 Chapter 7: Setting Up Parallel Debugging Sessions
Figure 98: Cell Architecture PPE PPU Figure 99: A Cell Process L1 Cache PPU address space pthreads pthreads pthreads pthreads PPU image list PPU exe shared shared libs shared libs shared libs shared libs shared libs shared libs libs L2 Cache SPE SPU Debugging IBM Cell Broadband Engine Programs Local Store Local Store SPU SPE SPE SPU Local Store Local Store SPE SPU Local Store SPE SPU Local Store TotalView looks as the executing program in a slightly different way. The following illustration shows how TotalView models the processes running on the Cell. SPU address space SPU address space SPU thread SPU thread SPU image listSPU image list SPU1.exe SPU.exe The TotalView separates the PPU address space from that of each SPU. The PPU has its own image. In addition, it uses ptheads to launch SPU contexts. TotalView manages each context individually. This structuring lets you see TotalView Reference Guide: version 8.7 139 SPU SPE . . . DMA SPU contexts Local Store SPU SPE Local Store SPU SPE SPU address space SPU address space SPU thread SPU thread SPU image listSPU image list SPU7.exe SPU.exe
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TotalView Users Guide version 8.7
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Book Overview part I - Introduction
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Contents About This Book TotalView
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Setting Preferences, Options, and X
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Installation Notes ................
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Starting Processes and Threads ....
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Displaying Allocated Arrays........
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Using Built-In Statements .........
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Figures Chapter 1: Getting Started
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Figure 76. File > Preferences: Bulk
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Chapter 13: Using Groups, Processes
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About This Book This book describes
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How to Use This Book The informatio
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Conventions and what you should cli
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Contacting Us Contacting Us Please
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Part I: Introduction This part of t
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Getting Started Figure 1: The Proce
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Getting Started Figure 3: Setting C
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Getting Started Figure 5: Diving on
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Debugging Multi-process and Multi-t
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Using Groups and Barriers Figure 10
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Introducing the CLI Introducing the
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A Couple of Processes Figure 14: A
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Threads Figure 18: Threads Threads
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Types of Threads Figure 20: Four Pr
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Organizing Chaos Figure 23: User, S
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Organizing Chaos Figure 25: Five Pr
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Creating Groups Figure 27: Step 1:
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Creating Groups Figure 30: Step 5:
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Simplifying What You’re Debugging
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Simplifying What You’re Debugging
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c h a p t e r Getting Started with
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Figure 36: Remote Display Client Se
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Figure 38: Asking for Password Usin
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Using Remote Display You can, of co
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Figure 42: Local Data in a Stack Fr
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Figure 43: Access By Options Remote
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Figure 44: Remote Host Information
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Figure 47: Saving a Profile Figure
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c h a p t e r Setting Up a Debuggin
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Starting TotalView customer_compili
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Starting TotalView If you type an e
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Starting TotalView Before Version 6
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Figure 53: Start a New Process Load
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Figure 55: Open a Core File Start a
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Figure 57: Thread > Continuation Si
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Figure 59: Setting Command-Line Opt
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Figure 61: Root Window Showing Proc
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Handling Signals Thread > Continuat
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Setting Search Paths Make your chan
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Figure 65: Select Directory Dialog
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Figure 66: File > Preferences Dialo
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Setting Preferences Dynamic Librari
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Setting Preferences Pointer Dive Th
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Setting Preferences Similarly, docu
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c h a p t e r 5 Setting Up Remote D
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Figure 75: File > Preferences: Laun
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Figure 76: File > Preferences: Bulk
Page 119 and 120: Figure 77: Manual Launching of Debu
Page 121 and 122: Starting the TotalView Server Manua
Page 123 and 124: Disabling Autolaunch Setting Bulk S
Page 125 and 126: Figure 78: Launching tvdsvr Disabli
Page 127 and 128: Figure 80: Debugging Session Over a
Page 129 and 130: c h a p t e r 6 Setting Up MPI Debu
Page 131 and 132: Figure 82: File > New Program Dialo
Page 133 and 134: Debugging MPICH Applications The MP
Page 135 and 136: Debugging MPICH Applications 4 Afte
Page 137 and 138: Starting MPI Issues Starting TotalV
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Page 141 and 142: Displaying the Message Queue play i
Page 143 and 144: Figure 90: Message Queue Window Sho
Page 145 and 146: Debugging HP MPI Applications This
Page 147 and 148: Debugging IBM MPI Parallel Environm
Page 149 and 150: Debugging IBM MPI Parallel Environm
Page 151 and 152: Debugging LAM/MPI Applications the
Page 153 and 154: Debugging SiCortex MPI Applications
Page 155 and 156: Debugging Sun MPI Applications mapp
Page 157 and 158: Figure 91: Group > Attach Subset Di
Page 159 and 160: Debugging Parallel Applications Tip
Page 161 and 162: Debugging Parallel Applications Tip
Page 163 and 164: c h a p t e r 7 Setting Up Parallel
Page 165 and 166: Debugging OpenMP Applications � T
Page 167 and 168: Figure 95: OpenMP Shared Variable T
Page 169: Figure 96: OpenMP THREADPRIVATE Com
Page 173 and 174: Figure 100: Root Window for a Cell
Page 175 and 176: Figure 103: Register Union Debuggin
Page 177 and 178: Debugging Cray XT Applications For
Page 179 and 180: Debugging SiCortex Applications Her
Page 181 and 182: Debugging Global Arrays Application
Page 183 and 184: Debugging PVM (Parallel Virtual Mac
Page 185 and 186: Debugging PVM (Parallel Virtual Mac
Page 187 and 188: Figure 106: PVM Tasks and Configura
Page 189 and 190: Figure 107: SHMEM Sample Session
Page 191 and 192: Figure 108: A Sliced UPC Array Figu
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Page 195 and 196: Part III: Using the GUI The two cha
Page 197 and 198: c h a p t e r Using TotalView Windo
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Page 201 and 202: Figure 115: Sorted and Aggregated R
Page 203 and 204: Figure 117: Line Numbers with Stop
Page 205 and 206: Figure 119: Assembly Only (Symbolic
Page 207 and 208: Figure 122: Backward and Forward Bu
Page 209 and 210: Figure 124: File > Save Pane Dialog
Page 211 and 212: c h a p t e r 9 Visualizing Program
Page 213 and 214: Command Summary Visualizing Array D
Page 215 and 216: Figure 127: A Three- Dimensional Ar
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Figure 134: A Surface View of a Sin
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Visualizing Array Data Manipulating
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Visualizing Array Data quickly see
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Visualizing Array Data different vi
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Part IV: Using the CLI The chapters
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c h a p t e r Using the CLI 10 The
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Using the CLI Interface Starting th
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# source make_actions.tcl # dload f
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About CLI Output About CLI Output A
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Using Namespaces Using Namespaces C
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How Parallelism Affects Behavior Ho
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Controlling Program Execution Typic
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c h a p t e r 11 Seeing the CLI at
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Initializing an Array Slice Initial
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Writing an Array Variable to a File
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} } Automatically Setting Breakpoin
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Part V: Debugging The chapters in t
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c h a p t e r Debugging Programs 12
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Figure 141: View > Lookup Variable
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Figure 146: View > Lookup Function
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Manipulating Processes and Threads
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Figure 150: The Threads Tab Updatin
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Why breakpoints don’t work (part
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Examining Groups Manipulating Proce
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Manipulating Processes and Threads
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Figure 155: Stepping Illustrated Us
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Executing to a Selected Line If the
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Killing (Deleting) Programs 3 Conti
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Figure 158: Tools > Debugger Loaded
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Figure 160: File > Preferences: Dyn
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Setting the Program Counter some co
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c h a p t e r Using Groups, Process
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Stepping (Part I) � Set breakpoin
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Understanding Thread Width Stepping
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Understanding Process/Thread Sets S
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Specifying Arenas Setting Process a
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Figure 163: Width Specifiers Settin
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Setting Group Focus � Lockstep Gr
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Specifier Specifies Setting Group F
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‘All’ Does Not Always Mean ‘A
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The following are some additional e
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Setting Group Focus Although the lo
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Naming Lists with Inconsistent Widt
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Using P/T Set Operators Using P/T S
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Figure 164: Group > Custom Groups D
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c h a p t e r Examining and Changin
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Figure 167: List and Vector Transfo
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Figure 169: A Tooltip Displaying Va
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Displaying Variables since the vari
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Figure 173: Variable Window Showing
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Displaying Variables Scoping Issues
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Figure 177: Program Browser and Var
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Figure 179: Diving on Local Variabl
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Figure 181: View > Examine Format >
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Figure 184: Variable Window with Ma
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Figure 185: Undive/Redive Buttons F
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Figure 188: Displaying C Structures
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Figure 190: The Tools > Expression
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Figure 193: Expression List Window
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Figure 197: Using Functions in the
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Viewing a List of Variables (or sel
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Figure 199: Using an Expression to
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Figure 200: Three Casts Changing a
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Changing a Variable’s Data Type W
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Changing a Variable’s Data Type T
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Figure 202: Displaying wchar_t Data
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Changing the Address of Variables D
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Figure 204: Displaying C++ Classes
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Figure 205: Diving on a Common Bloc
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Figure 207: Fortran 90 User- Define
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Displaying Thread Objects that has
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Figure 210: Variable Window: Showin
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c h a p t e r Examining Arrays 15 T
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Examining and Analyzing Arrays This
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Figure 213: An Array Slice and an A
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Figure 214: Array Data Filtering by
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Figure 216: Array Data Filtering by
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Figure 218: Array Statistics Window
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Figure 219: Viewing Across Threads
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Visualizing Array Data Visualizing
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c h a p t e r 16 Setting Action Poi
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Figure 222: Action Point Tab Settin
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Figure 224: Setting Breakpoints on
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Figure 227: Ambiguous Function Dial
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Figure 229: Action Point > At Locat
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Figure 232: PC Arrow Over a Stop Ic
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Setting Breakpoints and Barriers at
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Setting Breakpoints and Barriers Ab
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Setting Breakpoints and Barriers Wh
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Defining Eval Points and Conditiona
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Defining Eval Points and Conditiona
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Figure 236: Stopped Execution of Co
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Using Watchpoints Platform Assemble
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Using Watchpoints Computer Constrai
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Watching Memory Using Watchpoints A
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The following is an expression that
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c h a p t e r Evaluating Expression
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Why is There an Expression System?
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Figure 240: Expression List Window:
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Using Programming Language Elements
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Using the Evaluate Window Using the
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Figure 244: Evaluating Information
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Using the Evaluate Window Pseudo Op
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Using Built-in Variables and Statem
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Glossary ACTION POINT: A debugger f
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off the function reference to an ev
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DOPE VECTOR: This is a run time des
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INITIALIZATION FILE: An optional fi
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PARCEL: The number of bytes require
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threads. There are two kinds of ser
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SYMBOL NAME: The name associated wi
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Index Symbols # scope separator cha
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array structure viewing limitations
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context 138 description 140 empty c
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Tools > Watchpoint 10, 378 totalvie
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into a stack frame 174 into a struc
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-file command-line option to Visual
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see alsoshared libraries limitation
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expressions 275 set of arenas 259 s
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PVM groups, unrelated to process gr
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stride elements 334 UPC 158 upper b
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threads model 18 threads tab 230 th
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View > Compilation Scope commands 2
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