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FOCUS: The set of groups, processes, and threads upon which a CLI command acts. The current focus is indicated in the CLI prompt (if you’re using the default prompt). FRAME: An area in stack memory that contains the information corresponding to a single invocation of a subprocedure. See stack frame on page 408. FRAME POINTER: See stack pointer on page 408. FULLY QUALIFIED (SYMBOL): A symbol is fully qualified when each level of source code organization is included. For variables, those levels are executable or library, file, procedure or line number, and variable name. GARBAGE COLLECTION: Examining memory to determine if it is still be referenced. If it is not, it sent back to the program's memory manager so that it can be reused. GID: The TotalView group ID. GLOBAL ARRAYS: (from a definition on the Global Arrays web site) The Global Arrays (GA) toolkit provides an efficient and portable “shared-memory” programming interface for distributed-memory computers. Each process in a MIMD parallel program can asynchronously access logical blocks of physically distributed dense multi-dimensional arrays, without need for explicit cooperation by other processes. For more information, see http:// www.emsl.pnl.gov/docs/global/. GRID: A collection of distributed computing resources available over a local or wide area network that appears as if it were one large virtual computing system. GOI: The group of interest. This is the group that TotalView uses when it is trying to determine what to step, stop, and so on. GROUP: When TotalView starts processes, it places related processes in families. These families are called “groups.” GROUP OF INTEREST: The primary group that is affected by a command. This is the group that TotalView uses when it is trying to determine what to step, stop, and so on. HEAP: An area of memory that your program uses when it dynamically allocates blocks of memory. It is also how people describe my car. HOST COMPUTER: The computer on which TotalView is running. IMAGE: All of the programs, libraries, and other components that make up your executable. INFINITE LOOP: See loop, infinite on page 403. INSTRUCTION POINTER: See program counter. INITIAL PROCESS: The process created as part of a load operation, or that already existed in the runtime environment and was attached by TotalView or the CLI. 402 Glossary
INITIALIZATION FILE: An optional file that establishes initial settings for debugger state variables, user-defined commands, and any commands that should be executed whenever TotalView or the CLI is invoked. Must be called .tvdrc. INTERPRETER: A program that reads programming language statements and translates the statements into machine code, then executes this code. LAMINATE: A process that combines variables contained in separate processes or threads into a unified array for display purposes. LHS EXPRESSION: This is a synonym for lvalue. LINKER. A program that takes all the object files creates by the compiler and combines them and libraries required by the program into the executable program. LOCKSTEP GROUP: All threads that are at the same PC (program counter). This group is a subset of a workers group. A lockstep group only exists for stopped threads. All threads in the lockstep group are also in a workers group. By definition, all members of a lockstep group are in the same workers group. That is, a lockstep group cannot have members in more than one workers group or more than one control group. LOOP, INFINITE: see infinite loop on page 402. LOWER BOUND: The first element in the dimension of an array or the slice of an array. By default, the lower bound of an array is 0 in C and 1 in Fortran, but the lower bound can be any number, including negative numbers. LVALUE: A symbol name or expression suitable for use on the left-hand side of an assignment statement in the corresponding source language. That is, the expression must be appropriate as the target of an assignment. MACHINE STATE: Convention for describing the changes in memory, registers, and other machine elements as execution proceeds. MANAGER THREAD: A thread created by the operating system. In most cases, you do not want to manage or examine manager threads. MESSAGE QUEUE: A list of messages sent and received by message-passing programs. MIMD: An acronym for Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data, which describes a type of parallel computing. MISD: An acronym for Multiple Instruction, Single Data, which describes a type of parallel computing. MPI: An acronym for “Message Passing Interface.” MPICH: MPI/Chameleon (Message Passing Interface/Chameleon) is a freely available and portable MPI implementation. MPICH was written as a collaboration between Argonne National Lab and Mississippi State University. For more information, see http://www.mcs.anl.gov/mpi. MPMD PROGRAMS: An acronym for Multiple Program, Multiple Data, which describes programs that involve multiple executables, executed by multiple threads and processes. TotalView Users Guide: version 8.7 403
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TotalView Users Guide version 8.7
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Book Overview part I - Introduction
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Contents About This Book TotalView
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Setting Preferences, Options, and X
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Installation Notes ................
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Starting Processes and Threads ....
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Displaying Allocated Arrays........
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Using Built-In Statements .........
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Figures Chapter 1: Getting Started
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Figure 76. File > Preferences: Bulk
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Chapter 13: Using Groups, Processes
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About This Book This book describes
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How to Use This Book The informatio
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Conventions and what you should cli
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Contacting Us Contacting Us Please
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Part I: Introduction This part of t
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Getting Started Figure 1: The Proce
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Getting Started Figure 3: Setting C
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Getting Started Figure 5: Diving on
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Debugging Multi-process and Multi-t
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Using Groups and Barriers Figure 10
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Introducing the CLI Introducing the
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A Couple of Processes Figure 14: A
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Threads Figure 18: Threads Threads
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Types of Threads Figure 20: Four Pr
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Organizing Chaos Figure 23: User, S
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Organizing Chaos Figure 25: Five Pr
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Creating Groups Figure 27: Step 1:
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Creating Groups Figure 30: Step 5:
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Simplifying What You’re Debugging
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Simplifying What You’re Debugging
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c h a p t e r Getting Started with
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Figure 36: Remote Display Client Se
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Figure 38: Asking for Password Usin
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Using Remote Display You can, of co
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Figure 42: Local Data in a Stack Fr
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Figure 43: Access By Options Remote
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Figure 44: Remote Host Information
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Figure 47: Saving a Profile Figure
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c h a p t e r Setting Up a Debuggin
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Starting TotalView customer_compili
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Starting TotalView If you type an e
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Starting TotalView Before Version 6
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Figure 53: Start a New Process Load
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Figure 55: Open a Core File Start a
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Figure 57: Thread > Continuation Si
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Figure 59: Setting Command-Line Opt
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Figure 61: Root Window Showing Proc
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Handling Signals Thread > Continuat
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Setting Search Paths Make your chan
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Figure 65: Select Directory Dialog
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Figure 66: File > Preferences Dialo
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Setting Preferences Dynamic Librari
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Setting Preferences Pointer Dive Th
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Setting Preferences Similarly, docu
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c h a p t e r 5 Setting Up Remote D
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Figure 75: File > Preferences: Laun
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Figure 76: File > Preferences: Bulk
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Figure 77: Manual Launching of Debu
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Starting the TotalView Server Manua
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Disabling Autolaunch Setting Bulk S
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Figure 78: Launching tvdsvr Disabli
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Figure 80: Debugging Session Over a
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c h a p t e r 6 Setting Up MPI Debu
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Figure 82: File > New Program Dialo
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Debugging MPICH Applications The MP
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Debugging MPICH Applications 4 Afte
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Starting MPI Issues Starting TotalV
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Figure 86: Tools > Message Queue Gr
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Displaying the Message Queue play i
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Figure 90: Message Queue Window Sho
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Debugging HP MPI Applications This
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Debugging IBM MPI Parallel Environm
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Debugging IBM MPI Parallel Environm
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Debugging LAM/MPI Applications the
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Debugging SiCortex MPI Applications
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Debugging Sun MPI Applications mapp
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Figure 91: Group > Attach Subset Di
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Debugging Parallel Applications Tip
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Debugging Parallel Applications Tip
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c h a p t e r 7 Setting Up Parallel
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Debugging OpenMP Applications � T
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Figure 95: OpenMP Shared Variable T
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Figure 96: OpenMP THREADPRIVATE Com
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Figure 98: Cell Architecture PPE PP
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Figure 100: Root Window for a Cell
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Figure 103: Register Union Debuggin
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Debugging Cray XT Applications For
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Debugging SiCortex Applications Her
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Debugging Global Arrays Application
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Debugging PVM (Parallel Virtual Mac
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Debugging PVM (Parallel Virtual Mac
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Figure 106: PVM Tasks and Configura
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Figure 107: SHMEM Sample Session
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Figure 108: A Sliced UPC Array Figu
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Figure 111: Pointer to a Shared Var
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Part III: Using the GUI The two cha
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c h a p t e r Using TotalView Windo
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Figure 112: Root Window Figure 113:
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Figure 115: Sorted and Aggregated R
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Figure 117: Line Numbers with Stop
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Figure 119: Assembly Only (Symbolic
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Figure 122: Backward and Forward Bu
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Figure 124: File > Save Pane Dialog
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c h a p t e r 9 Visualizing Program
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Command Summary Visualizing Array D
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Figure 127: A Three- Dimensional Ar
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Figure 129: Graph and Surface Visua
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Figure 130: Visualizer Graph View W
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Figure 134: A Surface View of a Sin
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Visualizing Array Data Manipulating
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Visualizing Array Data quickly see
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Visualizing Array Data different vi
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Part IV: Using the CLI The chapters
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c h a p t e r Using the CLI 10 The
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Using the CLI Interface Starting th
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# source make_actions.tcl # dload f
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About CLI Output About CLI Output A
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Using Namespaces Using Namespaces C
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How Parallelism Affects Behavior Ho
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Controlling Program Execution Typic
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c h a p t e r 11 Seeing the CLI at
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Initializing an Array Slice Initial
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Writing an Array Variable to a File
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} } Automatically Setting Breakpoin
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Part V: Debugging The chapters in t
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c h a p t e r Debugging Programs 12
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Figure 141: View > Lookup Variable
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Figure 146: View > Lookup Function
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Manipulating Processes and Threads
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Figure 150: The Threads Tab Updatin
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Why breakpoints don’t work (part
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Examining Groups Manipulating Proce
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Manipulating Processes and Threads
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Figure 155: Stepping Illustrated Us
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Executing to a Selected Line If the
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Killing (Deleting) Programs 3 Conti
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Figure 158: Tools > Debugger Loaded
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Figure 160: File > Preferences: Dyn
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Setting the Program Counter some co
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c h a p t e r Using Groups, Process
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Stepping (Part I) � Set breakpoin
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Understanding Thread Width Stepping
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Understanding Process/Thread Sets S
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Specifying Arenas Setting Process a
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Figure 163: Width Specifiers Settin
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Setting Group Focus � Lockstep Gr
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Specifier Specifies Setting Group F
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‘All’ Does Not Always Mean ‘A
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The following are some additional e
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Setting Group Focus Although the lo
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Naming Lists with Inconsistent Widt
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Using P/T Set Operators Using P/T S
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Figure 164: Group > Custom Groups D
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c h a p t e r Examining and Changin
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Figure 167: List and Vector Transfo
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Figure 169: A Tooltip Displaying Va
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Displaying Variables since the vari
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Figure 173: Variable Window Showing
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Displaying Variables Scoping Issues
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Figure 177: Program Browser and Var
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Figure 179: Diving on Local Variabl
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Figure 181: View > Examine Format >
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Figure 184: Variable Window with Ma
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Figure 185: Undive/Redive Buttons F
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Figure 188: Displaying C Structures
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Figure 190: The Tools > Expression
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Figure 193: Expression List Window
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Figure 197: Using Functions in the
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Viewing a List of Variables (or sel
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Figure 199: Using an Expression to
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Figure 200: Three Casts Changing a
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Changing a Variable’s Data Type W
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Changing a Variable’s Data Type T
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Figure 202: Displaying wchar_t Data
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Changing the Address of Variables D
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Figure 204: Displaying C++ Classes
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Figure 205: Diving on a Common Bloc
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Figure 207: Fortran 90 User- Define
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Displaying Thread Objects that has
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Figure 210: Variable Window: Showin
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c h a p t e r Examining Arrays 15 T
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Examining and Analyzing Arrays This
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Figure 213: An Array Slice and an A
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Figure 214: Array Data Filtering by
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Figure 216: Array Data Filtering by
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Figure 218: Array Statistics Window
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Figure 219: Viewing Across Threads
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Visualizing Array Data Visualizing
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c h a p t e r 16 Setting Action Poi
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Page 397 and 398: Setting Breakpoints and Barriers Wh
Page 399 and 400: Defining Eval Points and Conditiona
Page 401 and 402: Defining Eval Points and Conditiona
Page 403 and 404: Figure 236: Stopped Execution of Co
Page 405 and 406: Using Watchpoints Platform Assemble
Page 407 and 408: Using Watchpoints Computer Constrai
Page 409 and 410: Watching Memory Using Watchpoints A
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Page 413 and 414: c h a p t e r Evaluating Expression
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Page 419 and 420: Using Programming Language Elements
Page 421 and 422: Using the Evaluate Window Using the
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Page 429 and 430: Glossary ACTION POINT: A debugger f
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Page 445 and 446: array structure viewing limitations
Page 447 and 448: context 138 description 140 empty c
Page 449 and 450: Tools > Watchpoint 10, 378 totalvie
Page 451 and 452: into a stack frame 174 into a struc
Page 453 and 454: -file command-line option to Visual
Page 455 and 456: see alsoshared libraries limitation
Page 457 and 458: expressions 275 set of arenas 259 s
Page 459 and 460: PVM groups, unrelated to process gr
Page 461 and 462: stride elements 334 UPC 158 upper b
Page 463 and 464: threads model 18 threads tab 230 th
Page 465 and 466: View > Compilation Scope commands 2
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