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STACK FRAME: Whenever your program calls a function, it creates a set of information that includes the local variables, arguments, contents of the registers used by an individual routine, a frame pointer pointing to the previous stack frame, and the value of the program counter (PC) at the time the routine was called. The information for one function is called a “stack frame” as it is placed on your program’s stack. When your program begins executing, it has only one frame: the one allocated for function main(). As your program calls functions, new frames are allocated. When a function returns to the function from which it is called, the frame is deallocated. STACK POINTER: A pointer to the area of memory where subprocedure arguments, return addresses, and similar information is stored. This is also called a frame pointer. STACK TRACE: A sequential list of each currently active routine called by a program, and the frame pointer that points to its stack frame. STATIC (SYMBOL) SCOPE: A region of a program’s source code that has a set of symbols associated with it. A scope can be nested inside another scope. STEPPING: Advancing program execution by fixed increments, such as by source code statements. STL: An acronym for Standard Template Library. STOP SET: A set of threads that TotalView stops after an action point triggers. STOPPED/HELD STATE: The state of a process whose execution has paused in such a way that another program event (for example, arrival of other threads at the same barrier) is required before it is capable of continuing execution. STOPPED/RUNNABLE STATE: The state of a process whose execution has been paused (for example, when a breakpoint triggered or due to some user command) but can continue executing as soon as a resume command is issued. STOPPED STATE: The state of a process that is no longer executing, but will eventually execute again. This is subdivided into stopped/runnable and stopped/held. STRIDE: The interval between array elements in a slice and the order in which TotalView displays these elements. If the stride is 1, TotalView displays every element between the lower bound and upper bound of the slice. If the stride is 2, TotalView displays every other element. If the stride is –1, TotalView displays every element between the upper bound and lower bound (reverse order). SYMBOL: Entities within program state, machine state, or debugger state. SYMBOL LOOKUP: Process whereby TotalView consults its debugging information to discover what entity a symbol name refers to. Search starts with a particular static scope and occurs recursively so that contains scopes are searched in an outward progression. 408 Glossary
SYMBOL NAME: The name associated with a symbol known to TotalView (for example, function, variable, data type, and so on). SYMBOL TABLE: A table of symbolic names used in a program (such as variables or functions) and their memory locations. The symbol table is part of the executable object generated by the compiler (with the –g option) and is used by debuggers to analyze the program. SYNCHRONIZATION: A mechanism that prevents problems caused by concurrent threads manipulating shared resources. The two most common mechanisms for synchronizing threads are mutual exclusion and condition synchronization. TARGET COMPUTER: The computer on which the process to be debugged is running. TARGET PROCESS SET: The target set for those occasions when operations can only be applied to entire processes, not to individual threads in a process. TARGET PROGRAM: The executing program that is the target of debugger operations. TARGET P/T SET: The set of processes and threads that a CLI command acts on. TASK: A logically discrete section of computational work. (This is an informal definition.) THREAD: An execution context that normally contains a set of private registers and a region of memory reserved for an execution stack. A thread runs in an address space. THREAD EXECUTION STATE: The convention of describing the operations available for a thread, and the effects of the operation, in terms of a set of predefined states. THREAD OF INTEREST: The primary thread affected by a command. This is abbreviated as TOI. TID: The thread ID. On some systems (such as AIX where the threads have no obvious meaning), TotalView uses its own IDs. TLA: An acronym for Three-Letter Acronym. So many things from computer hardware and software vendors are referred to by a three-letter acronym that yet another acronym was created to describe these terms. TOI: The thread of interest. This is the primary thread affected by a command. TRIGGER SET: The set of threads that can trigger an action point (that is, the threads upon which the action point was defined). TRIGGERS: The effect during execution when program operations cause an event to occur (such as arriving at a breakpoint). TTF: See type transformation facility on page 410. TotalView Users Guide: version 8.7 409
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TotalView Users Guide version 8.7
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Book Overview part I - Introduction
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Contents About This Book TotalView
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Setting Preferences, Options, and X
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Installation Notes ................
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Starting Processes and Threads ....
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Displaying Allocated Arrays........
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Using Built-In Statements .........
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Figures Chapter 1: Getting Started
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Figure 76. File > Preferences: Bulk
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Chapter 13: Using Groups, Processes
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About This Book This book describes
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How to Use This Book The informatio
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Conventions and what you should cli
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Contacting Us Contacting Us Please
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Part I: Introduction This part of t
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Getting Started Figure 1: The Proce
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Getting Started Figure 3: Setting C
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Getting Started Figure 5: Diving on
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Debugging Multi-process and Multi-t
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Using Groups and Barriers Figure 10
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Introducing the CLI Introducing the
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A Couple of Processes Figure 14: A
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Threads Figure 18: Threads Threads
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Types of Threads Figure 20: Four Pr
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Organizing Chaos Figure 23: User, S
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Organizing Chaos Figure 25: Five Pr
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Creating Groups Figure 27: Step 1:
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Creating Groups Figure 30: Step 5:
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Simplifying What You’re Debugging
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Simplifying What You’re Debugging
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c h a p t e r Getting Started with
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Figure 36: Remote Display Client Se
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Figure 38: Asking for Password Usin
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Using Remote Display You can, of co
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Figure 42: Local Data in a Stack Fr
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Figure 43: Access By Options Remote
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Figure 44: Remote Host Information
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Figure 47: Saving a Profile Figure
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c h a p t e r Setting Up a Debuggin
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Starting TotalView customer_compili
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Starting TotalView If you type an e
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Starting TotalView Before Version 6
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Figure 53: Start a New Process Load
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Figure 55: Open a Core File Start a
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Figure 57: Thread > Continuation Si
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Figure 59: Setting Command-Line Opt
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Figure 61: Root Window Showing Proc
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Handling Signals Thread > Continuat
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Setting Search Paths Make your chan
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Figure 65: Select Directory Dialog
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Figure 66: File > Preferences Dialo
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Setting Preferences Dynamic Librari
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Setting Preferences Pointer Dive Th
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Setting Preferences Similarly, docu
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c h a p t e r 5 Setting Up Remote D
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Figure 75: File > Preferences: Laun
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Figure 76: File > Preferences: Bulk
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Figure 77: Manual Launching of Debu
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Starting the TotalView Server Manua
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Disabling Autolaunch Setting Bulk S
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Figure 78: Launching tvdsvr Disabli
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Figure 80: Debugging Session Over a
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c h a p t e r 6 Setting Up MPI Debu
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Figure 82: File > New Program Dialo
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Debugging MPICH Applications The MP
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Debugging MPICH Applications 4 Afte
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Starting MPI Issues Starting TotalV
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Figure 86: Tools > Message Queue Gr
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Displaying the Message Queue play i
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Figure 90: Message Queue Window Sho
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Debugging HP MPI Applications This
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Debugging IBM MPI Parallel Environm
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Debugging IBM MPI Parallel Environm
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Debugging LAM/MPI Applications the
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Debugging SiCortex MPI Applications
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Debugging Sun MPI Applications mapp
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Figure 91: Group > Attach Subset Di
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Debugging Parallel Applications Tip
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Debugging Parallel Applications Tip
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c h a p t e r 7 Setting Up Parallel
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Debugging OpenMP Applications � T
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Figure 95: OpenMP Shared Variable T
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Figure 96: OpenMP THREADPRIVATE Com
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Figure 98: Cell Architecture PPE PP
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Figure 100: Root Window for a Cell
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Figure 103: Register Union Debuggin
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Debugging Cray XT Applications For
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Debugging SiCortex Applications Her
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Debugging Global Arrays Application
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Debugging PVM (Parallel Virtual Mac
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Debugging PVM (Parallel Virtual Mac
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Figure 106: PVM Tasks and Configura
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Figure 107: SHMEM Sample Session
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Figure 108: A Sliced UPC Array Figu
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Figure 111: Pointer to a Shared Var
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Part III: Using the GUI The two cha
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c h a p t e r Using TotalView Windo
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Figure 112: Root Window Figure 113:
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Figure 115: Sorted and Aggregated R
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Figure 117: Line Numbers with Stop
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Figure 119: Assembly Only (Symbolic
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Figure 122: Backward and Forward Bu
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Figure 124: File > Save Pane Dialog
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c h a p t e r 9 Visualizing Program
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Command Summary Visualizing Array D
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Figure 127: A Three- Dimensional Ar
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Figure 129: Graph and Surface Visua
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Figure 130: Visualizer Graph View W
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Figure 134: A Surface View of a Sin
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Visualizing Array Data Manipulating
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Visualizing Array Data quickly see
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Visualizing Array Data different vi
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Part IV: Using the CLI The chapters
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c h a p t e r Using the CLI 10 The
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Using the CLI Interface Starting th
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# source make_actions.tcl # dload f
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About CLI Output About CLI Output A
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Using Namespaces Using Namespaces C
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How Parallelism Affects Behavior Ho
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Controlling Program Execution Typic
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c h a p t e r 11 Seeing the CLI at
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Initializing an Array Slice Initial
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Writing an Array Variable to a File
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} } Automatically Setting Breakpoin
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Part V: Debugging The chapters in t
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c h a p t e r Debugging Programs 12
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Figure 141: View > Lookup Variable
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Figure 146: View > Lookup Function
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Manipulating Processes and Threads
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Figure 150: The Threads Tab Updatin
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Why breakpoints don’t work (part
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Examining Groups Manipulating Proce
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Manipulating Processes and Threads
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Figure 155: Stepping Illustrated Us
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Executing to a Selected Line If the
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Killing (Deleting) Programs 3 Conti
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Figure 158: Tools > Debugger Loaded
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Figure 160: File > Preferences: Dyn
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Setting the Program Counter some co
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c h a p t e r Using Groups, Process
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Stepping (Part I) � Set breakpoin
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Understanding Thread Width Stepping
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Understanding Process/Thread Sets S
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Specifying Arenas Setting Process a
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Figure 163: Width Specifiers Settin
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Setting Group Focus � Lockstep Gr
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Specifier Specifies Setting Group F
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‘All’ Does Not Always Mean ‘A
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The following are some additional e
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Setting Group Focus Although the lo
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Naming Lists with Inconsistent Widt
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Using P/T Set Operators Using P/T S
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Figure 164: Group > Custom Groups D
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c h a p t e r Examining and Changin
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Figure 167: List and Vector Transfo
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Figure 169: A Tooltip Displaying Va
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Displaying Variables since the vari
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Figure 173: Variable Window Showing
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Displaying Variables Scoping Issues
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Figure 177: Program Browser and Var
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Figure 179: Diving on Local Variabl
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Figure 181: View > Examine Format >
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Figure 184: Variable Window with Ma
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Figure 185: Undive/Redive Buttons F
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Figure 188: Displaying C Structures
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Figure 190: The Tools > Expression
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Figure 193: Expression List Window
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Figure 197: Using Functions in the
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Viewing a List of Variables (or sel
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Figure 199: Using an Expression to
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Figure 200: Three Casts Changing a
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Changing a Variable’s Data Type W
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Changing a Variable’s Data Type T
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Figure 202: Displaying wchar_t Data
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Changing the Address of Variables D
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Figure 204: Displaying C++ Classes
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Figure 205: Diving on a Common Bloc
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Figure 207: Fortran 90 User- Define
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Displaying Thread Objects that has
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Figure 210: Variable Window: Showin
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c h a p t e r Examining Arrays 15 T
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Examining and Analyzing Arrays This
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Figure 213: An Array Slice and an A
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Figure 214: Array Data Filtering by
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Figure 216: Array Data Filtering by
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Figure 218: Array Statistics Window
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Figure 219: Viewing Across Threads
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Visualizing Array Data Visualizing
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c h a p t e r 16 Setting Action Poi
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Figure 222: Action Point Tab Settin
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Figure 224: Setting Breakpoints on
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Figure 227: Ambiguous Function Dial
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Page 405 and 406: Using Watchpoints Platform Assemble
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Page 409 and 410: Watching Memory Using Watchpoints A
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Page 419 and 420: Using Programming Language Elements
Page 421 and 422: Using the Evaluate Window Using the
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Page 437 and 438: PARCEL: The number of bytes require
Page 439: threads. There are two kinds of ser
Page 443 and 444: Index Symbols # scope separator cha
Page 445 and 446: array structure viewing limitations
Page 447 and 448: context 138 description 140 empty c
Page 449 and 450: Tools > Watchpoint 10, 378 totalvie
Page 451 and 452: into a stack frame 174 into a struc
Page 453 and 454: -file command-line option to Visual
Page 455 and 456: see alsoshared libraries limitation
Page 457 and 458: expressions 275 set of arenas 259 s
Page 459 and 460: PVM groups, unrelated to process gr
Page 461 and 462: stride elements 334 UPC 158 upper b
Page 463 and 464: threads model 18 threads tab 230 th
Page 465 and 466: View > Compilation Scope commands 2
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