Index p-law, 45, 220, 224 acoustics, 9, 11, 28, 146, 164 Active Badges, 263, 291 Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM), 49-51, 54-55, 224 adjacency pair, 195 aid for the disabled, 97 air pressure, 11, 12, 20, 29, 37, 102 aliasing, 38-41 allophone, 15, 24-25, 91 anaphora, 197 Andrew (mail system), 270 Anglicization, 95 annotation of text by voice, 65 answering machines, 61,230 Arabic script, 84 Arpabet, 16 articulation, 9, 10, 19 articulatory model of speech, 25 aspiration, 15, 27 AT&T Bell Laboratories, 94 attentional structure, 198 audio-tax, 62 auditory system, 28-34 augmented transition network (ATN), 184, 186 Automatic Gain Control (AGC), 63 Back Seat Driver, 121-123 back-channel, 6, 196-197, 200, 300 backward-looking center, 198 bandwidth, 36, 93 of speech signal, 42 ofthe telephone, 42, 155, 162, 219 Bell Northern Research, 239 Bellcore, 66-67, 94, 237, 239, 265 BarBell, 239, 249, 263 bigram grammar, 151 blind users, 97, 105, 108 bottom-up parser, 185-186 branching factor, 150 breath group, 17, 195 broadcast nature of speech, 62 busy signal, 215 call forwarding, 232 call progress, 215 call setup, 211, 218, 240, call teardown, 212 call waiting, 217 calling number identification, 217, 245 Carnegie Mellon University, 151, 168, 270 case grammar, 187, 189 cellular telephone, 129, 155,262,271 central office (CO), 212-214,219, 223
316 INDEX Centrex, 226 Cepstral Analysis, 14 circuit switch, 212 citation form, 83, 88 coarticulation, 87, 88-89, 94, 139 codec (coder/decoder), 44, 134, 224, 246, 249 cognitive load, 96, 101 compact audio disc, 12, 43, 44 concatenative synthesis, 93-94 conference calls, 220 connected recognition, 139, 159, 204, 205 connected speech recognizer, 139 consonant cluster, 17, 94 consonants, 26-28, 93 context-free grammar, 182-184, 185 186, 205 Continuously-Varying Slope Delta Modulation (CVSD), 48-49 <strong>Conversational</strong> Desktop, 165, 204-208, 208, 255, 282,285287, 300 conversational implicature, 193-194 Coordinator, 193 critical band, 34 cue phrase, 197 Custom Local Area Signaling Servies (CLASS), 226 decibel (dB), 33 dedis, 123, 168, 197 Delta Modulation, 46 desktop audio, 268-296 demi-syllable, 93 dial tone, 214 Diamond, 65-66 dictation, 63-64, 157-158 dictionary, See lexicon Digital Equipment Corporation, 276 digital signal processor, 12, 37, 93, 232, 246 diphone, 93 diphthong, 26 Direction Assistance, 117-121, 200 discourse, 9, 194-199 discourse segment, 197 discrete speech recognizer, 139, 158, 159, 161 distinctive ring, 218, 223,233,236 divided attention, 105, 156, 174, 175 documents, voice, 64-68 dual tone multifrequency signal (DTMF). See touchtone duration of syllables, 87, 91,93, 94 dynamic programming. See dynamic time warping dynamic range, 44-6 dynamic time warping (DTW), 137, 141-144 echo cancellation, 211, 219 editing, 235 and coder algorithms, 5455 of voice, 69-81 oftext, 159 electronic mail (email) 65-6, 82, 108, 108, 110, 111, 124-130, 127, 157, 231, 244, 252, 271, 288-289 encryption, 37 English, 84, 95, 180 error ofspeechcoders, 43, 54 recognition, 141, 158, 160-169, 174, 186, 204, 205,299-301 Etherphone, 67-68, 77, 234-237, 249. 250, 262, 275,283 expressiveness, 6, 65, 104 eye trackers, 168 filtering, 92, 132 ofelectronic mail, 129, 290 of information, 106, 124-126 Fletcher-Munson curves, 33 focus, 197-199, 207 fonrants, 23-24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 34, 91-93, 149 frame, 176, 191, 256 fricatives, 21 22, 27, 89 fundamental frequency, (FO) [note: (Fzero)]. See pitch G.722, 224 German, 85 gesture, 168, 176, 196 glides, 28 glottal pulses, 28 grammar, 138, 180, 185, 205-206 graphical interfaces to stored sound, 282-285 graphical interfaces to stored speech, 60-81, 271-273,292-295 Grice's maxims ofconversation, 193-194, 299 Grunt, 199-204, 208, 303 hand-held device, computer, 155-156, 165 Harvard psychoacoustic senennces, 95 Haskins syntactic sentences, 95 Hawaiian, 85 hearing, 28-34 Hidden Markov Models (HMM), 133, 141, 144 147, 152 Hyperspeech, 277 IBM, 151 indirect speech acts, 192
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