2. Behavioral Biology TALKS - Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft

changes of breeding time in response to warmer temperatures in our model. Our
results indicated that even under 'mild' rates of climate change the predicted change
in optimal breeding time would be close to the critical rate with which the great tits
could cope by evolutionary change. For scenarios close to the upper limit of IPCC
climate projections the calculated critical rate would however be clearly exceeded
with possible negative consequences for population persistence. We therefore
tentatively conclude that 'evolutionary rescue' in this population would only be
possible for mild rates of climate change, although the model makes necessarily
many simplifying assumptions which effects remain to be evaluated.
�54 Sebastian Klaus A 702 / 16:45
Rapid adaptation to cave life: The freshwater crabs of Bohol, Philippines
Author: Sebastian Klaus 1
Affiliation: 1 Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg
Within brachyuran crabs morphological adaptation to darkness is known from several
groups, especially from primary freshwater crabs. Despite the remarkable hypogean
diversity of brachyurans detailed phylogenetic or morphometric studies of cave
adaptation in any of these groups, are still lacking.
Here the phylogenetic relationship, timing of cave colonisation and morphological
adaptation to cave life within freshwater crabs of the genus Sundathelphusa (family
Gecarcinucidae) is described. With more than 1400 registered caves, the small island
of Bohol was already considered an ‘island of caves’.The caves from Bohol are
inhabited by a species-rich cave fauna, including the freshwater crabs. These show
different levels of troglomorphy within a small area of less than 40×40km, that led to
the recognition of five species. Adaptation to cave life occured several times
independently during the Pleistocene. Cave populations of the surface species
already show signs of troglomorphism.
�55 Lukasz Mitko A 702 / 17:00
Olfactory specialization in orchid bees and its role in speciation
Authors: Lukasz Mitko 1 , Thomas Eltz 1
Affiliation: 1 Lehrstuhl für Evolutionsökologie und Biodiversität der Tiere, Ruhr-
Universität Bochum
Male neotropical orchid bees (Euglossini) collect volatile substances from orchids and
other sources and store them in tibial pouches, accumulating complex and speciesspecific
bouquets. These fragrances are later exposed at display sites, presumably to
attract females. Former analysis of tibial fragrances of sympatric species revealed
substantial chemical disparity among all lineages with an outstanding divergence
between closely related species. We hypothesized that the outstanding divergence of
the fragrance bouquets between closely related species is mediated by underlying
species-specific, sensory adaptations which may be the product of reproductive
character displacement on a sensory level, a possible driving force of speciation.
Within the scope of this study we conducted electroantennographic measurements
with 20 sympatric Panamanian species in the genius Euglossa with the aim of
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