Issue 10 Volume 41 May 16, 2003

20030038797 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA
Whither Deterrence. A Brief Synopsis
Poppe, C.; Vergino, E.; Barker, B.; Brown, P.; Gilmartin, T. J.; May 29, 2002; 20 pp.
Report No.(s): DE2002-15002153; UCRL-ID-148557; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
To most audiences, deterrence has been interconnected with nuclear weapons whose purpose had been to deter a Soviet
attack. But, the Soviet Union has been gone for almost a decade. President George W. Bush has stated that Russia is not an
enemy of the USA and the numbers of nuclear weapons can be dramatically reduced. It is important to note that deterrence
has always transcended nuclear weapons. The USA first line of deterrence has been its formidable conventional warfare
capability, designed to prevent conflict and win wars if necessary. The role of nuclear weapons has been to deter the use of
nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction against U.S. interests during the conduct of conventional warfare and
to ensure our ability to inflict massive destruction on any who would use nuclear weapons, or other weapons of mass
destruction, against us. With regard to the Soviet Union, the threat of the use of nuclear weapons was a critical component
of our deterrent to prevent massive Soviet conventional attack against our allies in Europe.
NTIS
Nuclear Weapons; Military Operations; Strategy
20030038803 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA
WSSX-A Joint U.S.-Russian Nuclear Counter-Terrorism Exchange
Crites, T. R.; Sep. 25, 2002; 12 pp.
Report No.(s): DE2002-15002158; UCRL-JC-149057; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
In 1994, the U. S. and Russian Federation governments formally agreed to exchange information on the safety and
security of nuclear weapons. This agreement included three major elements, called Technical Working Groups (TWGs). TWG
C deals with counter-terrorism. Its four assigned actions and U.S./Russian experience are reviewed in this paper. Although
active exchange programs were created under TWGs A and B, involving workshops and laboratory-to-laboratory development
projects, little work was initiated in TWG C, due to the sensitive nature of this information. After 9/11, however, it became
clear that much could be gained by having each country share information to help solve the problem of nuclear proliferation
among terrorist groups. Government-to-government meetings have reaffirmed the initial agreement to exchange information
on this topic, and a number of joint project proposals are now under discussion. The Joint Steering Committee that oversees
this exchange has approved approximately 20 projects. They include such topics as terrorist threat scenario development,
detection of nuclear material and explosives in transportation containers, analysis of material mass and configuration, and
consequence mitigation. It is expected that the joint development of these capabilities will enhance our ability to respond to
a nuclear threat and to facilitate mutual assistance, should either party experience a nuclear terrorist event.
NTIS
United States; Russian Federation; International Cooperation; Terrorism; Nuclear Weapons
85
TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION AND SURFACE TRANSPORTATION
Includes aerospace technology transfer; urban technology; surface and mass transportation. For related information see also 03 Air
Transportation and Safety, 16 Space Transportation and Safety, and 44 Energy Production and Conversion. For specific technology
transfer applications see also the category where the subject is treated.
20030034667 Tokai Univ., Kanagawa, Japan
Development of The Navigation System for The Visually Impaired by Using Optical Beacons
Magatani, Kazushige; Sawa, Koji; Yanashima, Kenji; Oct 2001; 4 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A410481; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
Our objective of this study is the development of the navigation system which is used in the indoor space(eg. underground
shopping mall, hospital, etc.) and supports activities of the visually impaired without help of others. This system is composed
of optical beacons which are set on the ceiling and emit the position code as infrared signal, an optical receiver which receives
signal from beacons, and a navigator which guides a user by artificial voice. Three subjects with low vision were tested in the
hospital with our navigation system. 49 optical beacons were set on the ceiling, and the subject equipped with an optical
receiver and a navigator. Each subject walked from the start point to the destination following the guidance voice. From these
experiment, the following characteristics became clear. 1) On a pathway where a subject can fell the wall, every subjects could
follow the navigation voice. 2) Some subjects couldn’t go across the wide pathway straight, and then the system lost their
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