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Diploma thesis

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Contents<br />

1 Overview 1<br />

2 Introduction 3<br />

3 Theory 5<br />

3.1 Three-wave mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />

3.1.1 Sum frequency generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />

3.1.2 Parametric down conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7<br />

3.1.3 Engineering the PDC process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />

3.2 Pure heralded single photons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21<br />

3.2.1 Quantum networks and heralding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21<br />

3.2.2 Frequency entanglement of two-photon-states . . . . . . . . . 24<br />

3.3 Generating pure heralded single photons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />

3.3.1 Spectral filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />

3.3.2 Group velocity matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29<br />

3.3.3 Counterpropagating signal and idler fields . . . . . . . . . . . 33<br />

3.3.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39<br />

4 Experiment 41<br />

4.1 Avalanche photodiodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41<br />

4.2 id Quantique id201 APD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41<br />

4.2.1 Dark counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42<br />

4.2.2 Afterpulsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42<br />

4.2.3 Remaining pump light in PDC detection . . . . . . . . . . . . 44<br />

4.2.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br />

4.3 Characterization of the waveguide chips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46<br />

4.3.1 Chip BCT0703-B12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46<br />

4.3.2 Chip ITI0706-B12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53<br />

4.4 PDC experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59<br />

5 Conclusion and Outlook 63<br />

A Appendix 65<br />

A.1 Mathematica packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65<br />

i

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