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La aquiescencia en los arbitrajes de la Corte ... - lima arbitration

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Raúl Vil<strong>la</strong>nuevaEl tema <strong>de</strong>be pues ser abordado t<strong>en</strong>i<strong>en</strong>do <strong>en</strong> cu<strong>en</strong>ta estas vagas indicaciones,y <strong>la</strong>s que <strong>en</strong> g<strong>en</strong>eral proporciona <strong>la</strong> doctrina. Veamos qué <strong>en</strong>señanzas po<strong>de</strong>mosobt<strong>en</strong>er <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> jurisprud<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>Corte</strong>.En el caso <strong>de</strong>l difer<strong>en</strong>do terrestre, insu<strong>la</strong>r y marítimo <strong>en</strong>tre El Salvador yHonduras se alegaba que <strong>la</strong>s fechas a t<strong>en</strong>er <strong>en</strong> cu<strong>en</strong>ta eran <strong>la</strong>s <strong>de</strong>l utipossi<strong>de</strong>tisjure acordado por <strong>los</strong> estados hispano americanos. Sin restarle importancia aesas fechas, <strong>la</strong> <strong>Corte</strong> consi<strong>de</strong>ró que existían otras fechas críticas ulteriores quepodían ser tomadas <strong>en</strong> cu<strong>en</strong>ta, como por ejemplo <strong>la</strong>s negociaciones <strong>de</strong> un tratado<strong>de</strong> límites, una s<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong>cia arbitral, etc. <strong>La</strong> <strong>Corte</strong> <strong>de</strong>terminó<strong>la</strong> fechainicial <strong>de</strong>estamanera:74. In 1881 it was agreed betwe<strong>en</strong> the Governm<strong>en</strong>ts of El Salvador andHonduras that, in or<strong>de</strong>r to resolve a boundary dispute betwe<strong>en</strong> the municipalitiesof Ocotepeque and Cita<strong>la</strong> there should be a <strong>de</strong>marcation bya commission including two surveyors, with possible recourse to a thirdsurveyor, of Guatema<strong>la</strong>n nationality, in case of disagreem<strong>en</strong>t… The resultof the work of the commission was inconclusive; but it is clear that its briefwas to establish the line betwe<strong>en</strong> Ocotepeque <strong>la</strong>nds and Cita<strong>la</strong> <strong>la</strong>nds, notbetwe<strong>en</strong> the former province of Gracias a Dios and the former province ofSan Salvador 39 .76. The significant aspect of the 1881 negotiations is, as noted above, theshared view of the Parties as to the basis and ext<strong>en</strong>t of their dispute 40 .En este caso, <strong>la</strong> fecha inicial queda <strong>de</strong>terminada por <strong>la</strong>s negociaciones truncas<strong>de</strong> un acuerdo <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>limitación. Como lo seña<strong>la</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>Corte</strong>, <strong>la</strong>s negociacionestuvieron por efecto el poner <strong>de</strong> manifiesto <strong>la</strong> ext<strong>en</strong>sión <strong>de</strong>l <strong>de</strong>sacuerdo. Comoresultado <strong>de</strong> esto, se modificaron <strong>la</strong>s pret<strong>en</strong>siones anteriores basadas <strong>en</strong> títu<strong>los</strong>coloniales. En particu<strong>la</strong>r, <strong>la</strong>s negociaciones mostraron <strong>la</strong> aceptación por <strong>la</strong> parte<strong>de</strong> Honduras <strong>de</strong> ciertas <strong>de</strong>marcaciones que v<strong>en</strong>dría a contestar ulteriorm<strong>en</strong>te,tras un <strong>la</strong>rgo periodo <strong>de</strong> tiempo:The evid<strong>en</strong>ce before the Chamber shows that it was only in 1972 that Hondurasfirst advanced its cont<strong>en</strong>tion that the West, south and east boundariesof the <strong>la</strong>nds of the Cita<strong>la</strong>ejido (the line H-G’-F-E) should be the boundarybetwe<strong>en</strong> the two States 41 .39 <strong>La</strong>nd, Is<strong>la</strong>nd and Maritime Frontier Dispute, I.C.J. Reports, 1992, p. 406.40 Ibid p. 407.41 Ibid, p. 405Lima Arbitration N° 5 - 2012/2013259

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