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mixeil basilaZe<br />
gagrZeleba. dasawyisi<br />
ix. `qronika+~ (2018w.)<br />
##3-27;29-39; (2019w.) #2-6;8-13.<br />
damfuZnebeli kreba<br />
1920 wlis 18 agvistos gazeTi<br />
`erToba~ gvauwyebs, rom 17 agvistodan<br />
saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma<br />
krebam, igive parlamentma, mu-<br />
Saoba SeaCera da Svebuleba gamoacxada.<br />
gazeTis pirvel gverdze<br />
damfuZnebeli krebis mier ukanaskneli<br />
Tvis manZilze gaweuli<br />
samuSaoa ganxiluli da CamoTvlilia<br />
is kanonebi da dekretebi, romelic<br />
deputatebma am xnis ganmavlobaSi<br />
miiRes.<br />
rogorc aRmoCnda, agvistoSi<br />
xalxis rCeulebma nayofierad imuSaves.<br />
gazeTis cnobiT, sxdomebi<br />
kviraSi oTxjer imarTeboda, rac<br />
kanonmdeblebis sakmaod intensiur<br />
grafikze miuTiTebda. yvelaze sayuradRebo<br />
ki 1920 wlis agvistoSi<br />
qveynis biujetis damtkiceba gamodga.<br />
es iyo damoukidebeli saqar-<br />
Tvelos pirveli biujeti.<br />
gazeTi `erToba~: `am xanSi<br />
mravali didmniSvnelovani kanoni<br />
da dekreti iyo miRebuli. maT Soris<br />
sakmaoa gavixsenoT iseTi pirvelxarisxovani<br />
kanoni, rogoric<br />
aris koleqtiuri xelSekruleba,<br />
romelic saZirkvelia muSaTa kanonmdeblobisa.<br />
sasoflo sameurneo<br />
aRmSeneblobaSi didi yuradRebis<br />
Rirsia is sameurneo-saskolo gegma,<br />
romelic warudgina damfuZnebel<br />
krebas miwaTmoqmedebis saministrom...<br />
ar gamovudgebiT mraval did<br />
mniSvnelovan dekretebis da SekiTxvebis<br />
aRnusxvas. movixsenebT<br />
mxolod im saqmes, romelic damfuZnebeli<br />
krebis yuradRebis centrSi<br />
idga ukanasknel TveSi. es iyo<br />
1919-1920 wlis biujeti. misi ganxilva<br />
miT ufro iyo Zlier sayuradRebo,<br />
rom saqarTvelos respublikam,<br />
romelic mxolod ori weliwadia<br />
arsebobs, moaxerxa Sedgena<br />
Tavis saxelmwifo-sameurneo<br />
gegmisa Tavis arsebobis meore<br />
welsve.<br />
marto es faqti ukve didi imedis<br />
aRmZvrelia. imedianobis kidev<br />
ufro dids sabuTs iZleva biujetis<br />
garSemo atexili kamaTis Tvalis<br />
gadavleba. opoziciam gamoiCina<br />
namdvili daundobloba. man<br />
sTqva yvelaferi is, ris Tqmac See-<br />
Zlo Cveni saxelmwifos wyobilebis<br />
Sesaxeb, usayvedura respublikis<br />
saTaveSi myofT yvelaferi,<br />
ris sayveduric SeiZleboda... wminda<br />
sindisiT vityviT: opoziciam<br />
ver aRmoaCina verc erTi iseTi nakli,<br />
romlis gamosworebis imedi<br />
ar hqondes saxelmwifos saTaveSi<br />
mdgom partias~.<br />
biujetis garda, saqarTvelos<br />
damfuZnebeli kreba kidev erT umniSvnelovanes<br />
dokumentze msjelobda,<br />
romelic qarTuli saxelmwifos<br />
fundaments warmoadgenda.<br />
saqarTvelos respublikis konstituciaze<br />
muSaoba ukve ramdenime weli<br />
mimdinareobda da 1920 weli, am<br />
mxriv, gadamwyveti iyo. gazeT `er-<br />
Tobis~ SefasebiT konstituciis SemuSaveba<br />
da Semdeg misi miReba damfuZnebeli<br />
krebisa da saerTod qa-<br />
294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
istoriis<br />
gamo Semcirda mosaxleobis ricxvi.<br />
1920 wlis<br />
abaSiZis gancxadebiT, aWaraSi sul<br />
190 aTasi adamiani cxovrobda.<br />
brZola prostituciasTan<br />
baTumSi<br />
rTuli politikuri klasis Ziri-<br />
Tad daniSnulebas warmoadgenda.<br />
gazeTis informaciiT am umniSvnelovanes<br />
dokumentze muSaobas<br />
damfuZnebeli kreba saSemodgomo<br />
sesiis gaxsnisTanave Seudgeboda.<br />
aWaris avtonomia<br />
rogorc gazeT `erTobis~ 5 agvistos<br />
nomerSi dabeWdili statiidan<br />
vigebT, TbilisSi memed-beg<br />
abaSiZis TavmjdomareobiT aWaris<br />
mejlisis delegacia Camovida. delegaciis<br />
stumrobis mizani saqar-<br />
Tvelos SemadgenlobaSi aWaris<br />
statusis gansazRvra warmoadgenda.<br />
jer kidev aWaris SemoerTebamde,<br />
saqarTvelos centralur xelisuflebasa<br />
da samuslimo saqarTvelos<br />
warmomadgenlebs Soris,<br />
Sedga SeTanxmeba, romlis mixedvi-<br />
Tac aWaras avtonomiuri statusi<br />
unda mieRo. samoqalaqo mmarTvelobis<br />
mosawesrigeblad da adgilobrivi<br />
mosaxleobis interesebis ga-<br />
TvaliswinebiT, damfuZnebel krebaSi<br />
unda momzadebuliyo kanonproeqti.<br />
demokratiuli arCevnebis<br />
safuZvelze aWaraSi avtonomiuri<br />
xelisufleba airCeoda. aseTi iyo<br />
gegma aWaris SemoerTebamde da es<br />
gegma igive darCa baTumis olqidan<br />
didi britaneTis gasvlis Semdegac.<br />
avtonomiis Temaze aWaris mejlisis<br />
delegaciis xelmZRvanelis,<br />
memed-beg abaSiZis mosazrebas<br />
gazeTi `erToba~ 5 agvistos nomer-<br />
Si beWdavs: `Cven avtonomia ise gvaqvs<br />
warmodgenili, rom is kiTxvebi,<br />
romlebic gareSe saqmeebs da<br />
finansur politikas Seexeba, agre-<br />
Tve samxedro mowyobilebas da im<br />
Sinagan saqmeebs, romlebsac saer-<br />
To saxelmwifoebrivi xasiaTi aqvT,<br />
unda gadaswyvitos centralurma<br />
kanonmdeblobiTma da aRmasrulebelma<br />
organoebma. is sakiTxebi ki,<br />
romlebsac olqisaTvis adgilobrivi<br />
xasiaTi aqvT, adgilobriv saxelmwifoebriv<br />
aparatis saSualebiT<br />
unda gairCes. adgilobriv pirobebTan<br />
SefardebiT unda gadaswydes<br />
agreTve agraruli sakiTxi...<br />
imedi maqvs, rom saqristiano da<br />
samuslimano saqarTvelos Soris<br />
sruli Tanxmoba Camovardeba da<br />
saqarTvelo da masTan erTad aWara<br />
ayvavdeba~.<br />
amave statiaSi gazeTi gvamcnobs,<br />
rom SemoerTebis Semdeg aWaraSi<br />
damakmayofilebeli mdgomareoba<br />
iyo. regionis sazRvrebTan<br />
marTalia, sxvadasxva bandis Tare-<br />
Si SeiniSneboda, magram am sakiTxs<br />
qarTveli muslimebi Tavad agvarebdnen<br />
da maT saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi<br />
ar uSvebdnen.<br />
memed-beg abaSiZis gancxadebiT,<br />
aWaris saqarTvelosTan SeerTebas<br />
ramdenime antiqarTuli Zala uSlida.<br />
maT Soris iyvnen: 1. axalgazrda<br />
Turqebis komiteti; 2. azerbaijaneli<br />
agentebi; 3. bolSevikebi,<br />
romlebic uzarmazar Tanxebs xarjavdnen<br />
propagandaze; 4. rusi moxaliseebi,<br />
romlebic denikinis davalebiT<br />
moqmedebdnen; 5. olqis rusuli<br />
administracia, romelic sruliad<br />
ucxo elementi iyo aWarisTvis.<br />
memed abaSiZis informaciiT,<br />
bolo periodSi gaizarda qarTvelTa<br />
emigracia regionidan da amis<br />
5 agvistos nomerSi gazeTi `er-<br />
Toba~ aWaris Sesaxeb kidev erT<br />
saintereso cnobas beWdavs, romelic<br />
prostitucias exeba. aWaris<br />
olqis sagangebo komisarma benia<br />
CxikviSvilma 4 agvistos specialuri<br />
brZanebuleba gamoaqveyna, romelic<br />
prostituciis akrZalvas da<br />
am saqmianobiT dakavebuli pirebis<br />
mkacr dasjas iTvaliswinebda:<br />
`komisarma CxikviSvilma brZaneba<br />
gasca yvela sazogado saxlis daxurvis<br />
Sesaxeb. sazogado saxlis<br />
yvela Semnaxvelni da prostitutkebi<br />
respublikidan unda ganidevnon.<br />
amaTgan isini, vinc saqarTvelos<br />
qveSevrdomebia, unda gaigzavnos<br />
etapiT mudmiv sacxovrebel<br />
adgilas da maTze unda dawesdes<br />
miliciis zedamxedveloba.<br />
Tu erTi kviris Semdeg aseTi<br />
piri qalaqSi aRmoCndeba, maSin is<br />
unda gaiyvanon iZulebiT samuSaoze:<br />
akerinon da arecxinon tomrebi,<br />
agvevinon quCebi da sxva. amisaTvis<br />
isini qalaqgareT yazarma-<br />
Si unda moaqcion da fulis magivrad<br />
miscen sazrdo. rodesac farul<br />
sazogado saxlis SemnaxvelT<br />
aRmoaCenen, maT daapatimreben da<br />
maTsave xarjze asazrdoeben.<br />
miliciis wevrebi unda awarmoebden<br />
aRniSnul pirTa registracias.<br />
sastumroebisa da saxlis<br />
patronebs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es<br />
brZaneba ar Seasrules, gadaaxdevineben<br />
25 aTas maneT jarimas, saxls<br />
rekviziciiT waarTmeven da daapatimreben.<br />
brZaneba sisruleSi<br />
moyavT komisrebs. im SemTxvevaSi,<br />
Tu raionSi aseTi pirebi iqnebian<br />
aRmoCenilni, komisrebs samsaxuridan<br />
daiTxoven da daapatimreben~.<br />
qarTuli aviacia<br />
1920 wlis 2 agvistos Tbilisis<br />
gareubanSi, kerZod navTluRSi,<br />
damoukidebeli saqarTvelos istoriaSi<br />
pirvelad, saaviacio warmodgena<br />
gaimarTa. im periodis saqarTvelosTvis<br />
es metad uCveulo<br />
sanaxaoba gaxldaT. mTavrobis warmomadgenlebis,<br />
sapatio stumrebisa<br />
da ucxoeli diplomatebisTvis<br />
aerodromze sagangebo tribuna<br />
moawyves, romelic erovnuli bairaRebiTa<br />
da yvavilebiT iyo morTuli.<br />
navTluRSi saCvenebel frenebs<br />
mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris moadgile<br />
evgeni gegeWkori, samxedro<br />
ministri grigol lorTqifaniZe,<br />
saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis<br />
generaluri Stabis ufrosi zaqariaZe,<br />
generali andronikaSvili,<br />
gvardiis ufrosi valiko juReli<br />
eswrebodnen. safren moedanTan uamravi<br />
moqalaqe Seikriba. ukravda<br />
samxedro orkestri. irgvliv sazeimo<br />
da amaRlebuli ganwyoba sufevda.<br />
saaviacio Sous dawyebas yvela<br />
mouTmenlad eloda.<br />
saaviacio warmodgenaSi is<br />
mfrinavebi monawileobdnen, romlebmac<br />
sul cota xnis win war-<br />
CinebiT daasrules Tbilisis saaviacio<br />
saswavlebelis sruli kursi.<br />
es iyo qarTveli samxedro<br />
mfrinavebis pirveli gamoSveba.<br />
or rigad ganlagebulma 12-ma<br />
safrenma aparatma, musikisa da mayurebelTa<br />
SeZaxilebis TanxlebiT,<br />
asafreni biliki gaiara da erTmaneTis<br />
miyolebiT nel-nela caSi ai-<br />
Wra. naCvenebi iyo sxvadasxva sirTulis<br />
saaviacio ileTebi. maT Soris<br />
umaRlesi pilotaJis elementebic.<br />
am movlenis Sesaxeb gazeTi `er-<br />
Toba~ 5 agvistos nomerSi specialur<br />
reportaJs beWdavs: `frena 12<br />
aparatze swarmoebda. frena dilis<br />
5 saaTidan daiwyo. Semdeg Seasrules<br />
sahaero frenis rTuli<br />
figurebi. frenis dasasruls ev.<br />
gegeWkorma da gr. lorTqifaniZem<br />
saaviacio rotis komandiris movaleobis<br />
aRmsrulebels mayaSvils<br />
miuloces. saRamos gaimarTa vax-<br />
Sami, sadac mxurvale sityvebi warmosTqves<br />
da respublikis jars da<br />
xelmZRvanelebs keTildReoba da<br />
gamarjveba usurves~.<br />
1920 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobam<br />
saaviacio teqnikis Sesyidva<br />
daiwyo. samxedro uwyebam italiaSi<br />
saqarTvelosTvis 10 aeroplani Se-<br />
Zina. am TviTmfrinavebs ansaldos<br />
qarxanaSi awyobdnen, romelic cnobili<br />
iyo, rogorc msoflioSi yvelaze<br />
mowinave safreni aparatebis<br />
damamzadebeli. am aeroplanebis<br />
siCqare saaTSi 220 kilometrs aRwevda.<br />
TviTmfrinavebi aRWurvili<br />
iyo radiokavSiris mowyobilobiT,<br />
fotokameriT da saimedo ZraviT.<br />
Tavdapirvelad igegmeboda, rom<br />
aeroplanebs italiidan saqarTveloSi<br />
saaviacio skolis xelmZRvaneli<br />
maWavariani Camoiyvanda, magram<br />
rogorc Semdeg gairkva, axlad<br />
SeZenili TviTmfrinavebiT saqarTveloSi<br />
gadmofrena teqnikuri<br />
mizezebis gamo SeuZlebeli aRmo-<br />
Cnda. amitom isini daSales, yuTeb-<br />
Si Caawyves, gemze datvirTes da<br />
saqarTveloSi ise Camoitanes.<br />
gazeT `erTobis~ 1920 wlis agvistos<br />
nomrebSi aviaciis Sesaxeb<br />
kidev ramdenime informacias vxvdebiT.<br />
11 agvistos saRamos 7 saa-<br />
Tze, sacdeli frenis dros, daiRupa<br />
saaviacio aseulis xelmZRvaneli,<br />
maiori nikoloz mayaSvili.<br />
swored is mfrinavi, romelmac<br />
TviTmfrinavis virtuozuli mar-<br />
TvisTvis 2 agvistos saaviacio zeimze<br />
didi mowoneba daimsaxura. am<br />
ubeduri SemTxvevis Sesaxeb gaze-<br />
Ti `erToba~ 13 agvistos nomerSi<br />
mogviTxrobs: `maiori mayaSvili<br />
agvistos 11 daaxlovebiT 7 saaTze<br />
matoris gasasinjavaT gamofrinda<br />
`sopviCkemeli~-s sistemis inglisur<br />
gamanadgurebelze. igi afrinda<br />
haerodromze da sadgur nav-<br />
TluRis Tavze nakvTis gakeTebis<br />
36<br />
36 N14 (<strong>275</strong>) 23.04-06.05.2019 w.
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