sarCevi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi
sarCevi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi
sarCevi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi
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vaJa kiknaZe<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>, <strong>Tbilisi</strong><br />
axali Srtixebi <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>sa da evropis urTierTobis istoriidan<br />
XIII-XIV saukuneebSi<br />
XIII s-is 30-iani wlebidan romis papis karma aRmosavleTis qveynebSi misioneruli<br />
saqmianoba gaaZliera. amave periodSi daarsda TbilisSi pirveli kaTolikuri eklesia.<br />
cnobilia romis papisa da rusudan dedoflis mimowera; aseve Semonaxulia romis papebis<br />
werilebi demetre II-Tan, daviT narinTan, giorgi brwyinvalesTan, qarTvel didebulebTan da a.<br />
S. (tabaRua 1987. tabaRua 1987. Golubovich 1919. TamaraSvili 1904.).<br />
magram amJamad, yuradReba gvinda gavamaxviloT romis papebis monRolTa karTan da<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>sTan urTierTobis naklebad cnobil an sruliad ucnob faqtebze.<br />
evropisa da romis papebis interesi aRmosavleTis qveynebisadmi da kerZod monRolTa<br />
imperiisadmi, ganpirobebuli iyo rogorc prozelitizmis ideiT da wminda miwis kvlav<br />
gamoxsnis mcdelobiT, ise savaWro-ekonomikuri interesebiT. Tavis mxriv, sarwmunoebrivad<br />
met-naklebad tolerantulad ganwyobili monRoli yaenebi (islamis miRebamde)<br />
dainteresebuli iyvnen evropis qristianuli qveynebis CarTviT maTi mudmivi mtrebis _<br />
egviptis sulTnebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.<br />
monRolebTan urTierTobisas romis papebi cdilobdnen, Suamavlis roli maT imperiaSi<br />
Semavali qarTvelebisaTvis daekisrebinaT. amave saqmeSi aqtiurad iyvnen Cabmuli sirieli<br />
monifizitebic.<br />
gansakuTrebiT intensiuri iyo ilxanTa imperiis warmomadgenlis arRun xanis (1284-1291)<br />
urTierToba evropasTan da romis papebTan. es swored is arRunia, romelmac demetre II-s<br />
sasikvdilo ganaCeni gamoutana. amitomacaa, rom qarTveli mematiane, e. w. JamTaaRmwereli,<br />
romelic demetres karTan Zalian daaxloebuli Cans, arRuns uaRresad uaryofiTad<br />
axasiaTebs. qristianobasTan da romis papTan mis kontaqtebze, qarTvel mematianes miniSnebac<br />
ki arsad aqvs. piriqiT, mas JamTaaRmwereli, qveteqstiT qristianobis borot mtrad saxavs,<br />
radgan mematianis sityviT, arRunma qristes sagmobi saqme Caidina: `sacnaur iqmna, viTarmed<br />
amisTvis moiwia seni boroti arRuns zeda, romel dasTxia sisxli ubralo mravali<br />
(igulisxmeba qristianTa sisxli, v. k.) da ikadra cxebulsa RmrTisasa (e. i. demetre II-is; xazi<br />
Cvenia, v. k.) xelis Sexebad. mokuda arRun da yovelni gamzraxni misni, romelni mefisa<br />
sikudilsa TanaSemwe yofil iyvnes, yovelni moisrnes~ (yauxCiSvili 1959: 283-294).<br />
arRunma, pirveli elCoba romis pap honorius IV-s (papad airCies 1285 wlis 2 aprils) 1285<br />
wels gaugzavna. am elCobas meTaurobda `isa (iza) Tarjimani~ (Abel-Remuzat 1824: 356-359). es<br />
`iza~ unda iyos pizis moqalaqe `isa an pisoli~ (Cinur wyaroebSi `ai-se~), romelic minRolebTan<br />
didi gavleniT sargeblobda da arRunis karze cxovrobda. cnobilia, rom man uamravi<br />
aRmosavluri ena icoda (Бартольд 1968: 233-234). swored amitom SeirCa igi am mniSvnelovani<br />
diplomatiuri misiis xelmZRvanelad.<br />
arRunis werilis dedani ar SemorCenila, magram arsebobs misi laTinuri bwkareduli<br />
Targmani. arRuni honorius IV-s arwmunebda, rom monRolebi qristianebis mimarT<br />
keTilganwyobilebi iyvnen. kerZod, is werda, rom misi winamorbedni: yaeni hulagu da misi Ze<br />
abaRa qristianebs yovelmxriv mfarvelobdnen da gadasaxadsac ki ar axdevinebdneno. piradad<br />
arRuni romis papis winaSe pirobas debda, rom `gaufrTxildeboda qristianebs.~ amave dros,<br />
arRuni paps atyobinebda, rom masTan elCobis gagzavna gacilebiT adre surda, magram misma<br />
winamorbedma, yaenma ahmedma (1282-1284) SeuSala xeli, vinaidan ahmedi musulmani iyo (Chabot<br />
1895: 191n.3). yvelaze mTavari arRunis werilSi is iyo, rom igi paps sTavazobda erTad<br />
dasxmodnen Tavs `sarkinozTa miwas,~ romelic maT erTmaneTisgan TiSavda (`Terram Scami... inter<br />
nos et vos~). `sarkinozTa miwaSi~ arRuni gulisxmobda sirias (Sams), romlis dapyroba<br />
monRolebma verafriT moaxerxes. arRuni dabejiTebiT sTavazobda evropasa da romis paps<br />
sarkinozTa xelidan gamoeglijaT siria da gaenawilebinaT (Chabot 1895: 192). am werilSi arRuni<br />
jer kidev ar asaxelebs wminda miwebs, rogorc Setevis obieqts, razedac apelirebas igi ukve<br />
Semdeg werilebSi axdens. werili daTariRebulia `qaTmis wlis~ 18 maisiT, rac 1285 wels<br />
Seesabameba.<br />
1287 wels arRuni meore elCobas gzavnis evropaSi. am misiis xelmZRvanelad<br />
nestorianeli beri, bar-sauma dainiSna. misi elCoba dawvrilebiTaa aRwerili unikalur<br />
siriul wyaroSi _ `mar iabalaxasa da rabban saumas istoria~ (1317 w.). sxvaTaSoris, am<br />
`istoriis~ anonimi, movlenaTa Tanamedrove avtori wers: `arRunma gadawyvita SeWriliyo,<br />
daemorCilebina da daepyro palestinisa da siriis miwebi. [is ambobda]: `Tuki dasavleTis<br />
mefeebi _ qristianebi ar damexmarebian, me (marto) ver SevZleb Cemi miznebis miRwevaso.~<br />
amitomac sTxova man kaTalikoss (nestorianuli sarwmunoebis mimdevarTa meTaurs, v. k.)<br />
SeerCia brZeni, SemZle da Sesaferi piri elCobisaTvis~. swored maSin dainiSna elCobis<br />
meTaurad nestorianeli rabban sauma. man da misma misiam mTeli dasavleT evropa moiara da<br />
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