sarCevi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi
sarCevi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi
sarCevi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi saqarTvelo, Tbilisi
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paata jafariZe<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>, <strong>Tbilisi</strong><br />
aRmosavleTmcodneobis departamentis asistent-profesori<br />
`qilila da damana~ burzoedan sulxan-sabamde<br />
`qililasa da damanas~ istoria da gavrceleba maxlobeli aRmosavleTis<br />
kulturul epopeaTagania, romelsac gamoexmaura qarTuli kulturac. upirvelesad<br />
misi mimoqceva sxvadasxva literaturul enebze iranSi sasanelebis batonobis<br />
periods ukavSirdeba. sainteresoa, ram ganapiroba am igav-arakuli krebulis<br />
popularoba. angariSgasawevia is garemoeba, rom misiT dainteresdnen iranelebi ukve<br />
meorejer X saukuneSi. meored dainteresebas ukavSirdeba am krebulis rudaqis<br />
poeturi Targmani, saidanac mxolod ramodenime beiTia SemorCenili da onsoris<br />
poemebis darad, mkvlevarebi rudaqiseuili nusxis ZiebaSi arian. es sakiTxi i. marisa<br />
da k. Caikinis mimoweris sakiTxic gamxdara (mari 1976: 274)<br />
unda iTqvas, rom `qililasa da damanas~ mimoqceva arabul samyaroSi, rodesac<br />
islamma yvelaze mZafri xasiaTi SeiZina da gaafTrebuli ebrZoda yvelafers<br />
`araislamurs~, erTgvar sakvirvelebasac warmoadgenda. Tumca mis arabulad<br />
mTagmnels, ibn al-muyafas saTanadod gauswordnen (756w.) saxalifoSi gavrcelebuli<br />
sadamsjelo meTodebiT. `qilila da damanas~ Targmna falaur enaze, romelic<br />
Semdgomdroindeli versiebis safuZvelia, dakavSirebulia burzoesTan, is sasanelTa<br />
Zlevamosili saxelmwifos Sahis xosrov anuSirvanis karis eqimi iyo.<br />
islamis gavrcelebis Semdgom `qilila da damans~ gavrceleba iwyeba aravuli<br />
Targmanidan. iqneb islamSi eretikosobis gamoc ar moixseniebs muyafas firdousi?<br />
VIIIs-Si. jer kidev ar iyo musulmanuri renesansi, rogorc amas IX-XII saukuneebSi<br />
uwodebs saxalifos cxovrebidan gamomdinare germaneli mecnieri adam meci.<br />
`musulmanuri renesansis~ Camoyalibeba ukavSirdeba daxloebiT Xs-is Sua wlebs,<br />
rodesac iwyeba axali islamuri mwerlobis _ farsi-daris gamoCena da masze<br />
mxatvruli literaturis Seqmna.<br />
XII saukuneSi, vinaidan nasr al-alahma arabulidan sparsul enaze Sesrulebuli<br />
Targmani miuZRvna bahram-Sah Raznels, sxvagvarad mas bahramSahiseul versisac<br />
uwodeben. rac Seexeba nawarmoebis saTaurs _ `qilila da damana~, es burzoeseuli<br />
dasaTaurebaa da `panCatantras~ sawyis TavebSi momqmedi ori turis saxels<br />
ukavSirdeba. ganviTarebis cikli imdenad mravalferovani aRmoCnda, rom ukve arabul<br />
versiaSi VIIIs-Si gvxvdeba arakebi, romlebic Sordebian am nawarmoebis dedanis<br />
`panCatantras~ farglebs da ukavSirdeba sxvadasxva Txzulebebs.<br />
rogorc es akademikosma aleqsandre baramiZem daadgina, sulxan-sabaseuli<br />
`qililasa da damanas~ Targmani momdinareobs XV saukunis vaez qaSefis `anvare<br />
sohailidan~.<br />
`qilila da damanas~ Sesaxeb mravali istoriuli gadmocema arsebobs.<br />
fanjikentSi samaryandis maxloblad aRmoCenil freskaze arsebuli gamosaxulebebi<br />
Seicaven siuJetebs `panCatantradan~. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi `qilila da damana~<br />
leqsiTi Tu prozauli formiT sparsul arabul, ebraul, qarTul, berZnul,<br />
laTinur, germanul, espanur da sxva enebzea naTargmni.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom `anvar-e sohaili~ safuZvlad daedo ara marto `qilila da<br />
damanas~ qarTul Targmans, aramed osmalursac, romelic Sesrulebulia e. w. riTmuli<br />
proziT sulTan suleimanis dros. `qilila da damanas~ mimoqcevisas vxedavT, rom<br />
mxolod TviTon ar ganicdida sxvadasxva literaturuli da xalxuri arakebis<br />
zegavlenas, is TviTonac zemoqmedebda sxvazec. giorgi wereTlis ganmartebiT,<br />
arabul `aTas erT RameSi~ gvxvdeba didaqtikuri xasiaTis moTxrobebi msgavsi `qilila<br />
da damanasi~ da induri warmoSobis sxva arakebi, gadakeTebuli arabul yaidaze. am<br />
ricxvs ekuTvnis sinbad brZenis ambavi, jali‘ad da vird xani~ (wereTeli 1967, VII).<br />
`panCatantras~ pirveli Tavis dasaTaurebaa `moyvasTa gayra~. aq gvxvdeba<br />
ambavi, romelic gadaxda loms, xarsa da or turas _ karatakasa da damanakas,<br />
`qilila da damanaze~ dakvirvebisas Cans, rom is ar aris `panCatantras~ kalkiseburi<br />
Targmani. mTeli rigi igavebi nasesxebia an maTi siuJeti transformirebulia<br />
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