13.07.2015 Views

La regolazione economica dei servizi idrici - Iefe - Università Bocconi

La regolazione economica dei servizi idrici - Iefe - Università Bocconi

La regolazione economica dei servizi idrici - Iefe - Università Bocconi

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<strong>Iefe</strong>, Università <strong>Bocconi</strong> – <strong>La</strong> <strong>regolazione</strong> <strong>economica</strong> <strong>dei</strong> <strong>servizi</strong> <strong>idrici</strong>Tabella 2 – Le forme di gestione <strong>dei</strong> <strong>servizi</strong> <strong>idrici</strong> e le principali caratteristiche e criticitàDelegation Private monopoly Direct public mgmtMainregulatoryinstrumentMain procompetitiveincentivesContract (concession) Independent regulation Hierarchical controlTenders (competition for themarket)Price capsProcurementThreaten to go back public Yardstick competition OutsourcingMarket for takeovers &corporate controlThreaten to privatizeIncomplete contracts Asymmetric information Vulnerability to political influenceMain pitfallsTransactions costs Regulatory capture Limited incentives to efficiencyCompetitive advantage ofincumbentsTransfer prices (verticalintegration)Cost evaluation andcomparisonOverstaffingCriticalaspectsRenegotiationResponsibility for investmentand risk sharingCost pass‐through of newobligationsLoose enforcementRaiding of funds by municipal departmentsStrategic decisions & planningTendency to enter the debt spiral due tounwillingness to raise pricesContract enforcementExpropriation of free cashflowsPolitical unwillingness to secure cash flows fordebt serviceRisks forprivateinvestorsFailure to renegotiate in casecosts are higherSetting unrealistic or toodemanding efficiency targetsAsymmetric gain: regulatorslearn how to anticipateprogresses, companies find itmore difficult to outperformPolitical priority on keeping low prices andprotect delinquent payersHybrids(examples)Lease contracts Quoted multiutilities Management contractsInstitutional PPPs Corporate privatization DBFOFonte: nostra elaborazioneIl principale punto debole di questo meccanismo è rappresentato dall’inevitabile asimmetria informativa dicui soffre il regolatore e dal rischio di cattura. L’elevata specificità locale della funzione di costo ren<strong>dei</strong>nfatti i confronti comparativi solo parzialmente significativi, in particolare per la spesa in conto capitale.13

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