ITavi - Ganatleba

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I I I Tavi mosaxleoba 144 leqsikoni 3. 4. adamianTa rasebi anTropologia – mecniereba, romelic swavlobs adamianis biologiur bunebas, adamianis warmoSobas, rasebs. integracia – nawilebis erT mTlianobad gaerTianeba diskriminacia – calkeuli pirovnebis, adamianTa jgufis, saxelmwifos da a.S. uflebebis SezRudva, Tanasworuflebianobis mospoba msoflio mosaxleobis rasobrivi niSniT Camoyalibeba ramdenime aTasi wlis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda. axali samosaxlo teritoriebis aTvisebasTan erTad adamiani axal garemopirobebs egueboda, rac droTa ganmavlobaSi maTi garegnuli iersaxis Secvlas iwvevda. rasa saerTo warmoSobis mqone admianTa istoriulad Camoyalibebuli jgufia, romelsac memkvidreobiT gadacemuli saerTo garegnuli niSnebi (mag. kanis, Tmis, Tvalebis feri, Tvalis Wrili, cxvirisa da Tavis forma da a.S.) axasiaTebs. pirveli rasobrivi dayofa afrikaSi moxda. kontinentis CrdiloeT nawilSi adamians e.w. evropeiduli niSnebis, xolo samxreTSi – negroiduli niSnebis Camoyalibeba daewyo. centraluri aziis mTiani sistemebi ki is gamyofi barieri aRmoCnda, romlis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiTac monRoloiduri rasis formireba daiwyo. maTi amerikaSi gadasaxlebis Sedegad adgilobrivi indieli mosaxleoba warmoiSva , romlebic anTropologiurad Zalian axlos arian monRolebTan. Cikago ! los-anjelesi ! mexiko ! ! ! niu-iorki filadelfia san-paulo ! ! rio-de-Janeiro buenos-airesi ! negroiduli evropeiduli sankt-peterburgi ! ! londoni ! ! berlini moskovi ! parizi pekini (beijingi) ! ! stamboli ! kairo ! ! ! tokio Teirani deli Sanxai ! osaka ! ! kalkuta ! taibei karaCi ! ! ! hon-kongi mumbai ! bankoki ! manila mongoloiduri avstraloiduri ! jakarta nax. 3.4.1 rasebis pirveladi gavrceleba Cikago neu-iorki ! ! ! filadelfia los-anjelesi ! mexiko sanqt-peterburgi ! moskovi ! londoni berlini ! ! parizi ! stambuli ! Teirani ! kairo deli ! karaCi ! ! kalkuta bombei! pekini (beijini) ! osaka ! ! Sanxai tokio ! taipei hon-kongi ! ! ! ! bankoki manila ! ! san-paulo ! ! rio-de-Janeiro buenos-airesi ! nax. 3.4.2 Tanamedrove rasebi evropeiduli avstraloiduri mongoloiduri negroiduli gardamavali 1. nax. 3.4.1 da 3.4.2 Seadare erTmaneTs da daadgine adamianis rasebis pirveladi da Tanamedrove gavrcelebis arealebi. gamoitane daskvna. 2. Seni azriT, romelma geografiulma Taviseburebebma ganapiroba adreul periodSi kacobriobis rasebad dayofa? 3. nax. 3.4.2-is mixedviT daadgine, sad cxovroben ZiriTadad evropeiduli, negroiduli, monRoloiduri da gardamavali rasebis warmomadgenlebi? davaleba jakarta ! 19% monRoloiduri 43% evropeiduli (kavkasiuri) ZiriTadi rasebis garda, gardamavali anu Sereuli rasebic arsebobs. rasTaSorisi integracia yvelaze intensiurad amerikaSi mimdinareobda. XX saukunis bolos msoflio mosaxleobis TiTqmis 1/3 swored Sereul rasebs Seadgenda. gardamavali rasebis warmomadgenlebi arian mulatebi, metisebi, sambo, eTiopielebi da sxv. evropeidi negrodi avstraloidi mulati – evropelTa da negroidTa STamomavali nax. 3.4.4 sxvadasxva rasis warmomadgenlebi sxva (mikrorasebi) negroiduli 31% 7% nax. 3.4.3 kacobrioba sam ZiriTad rasad iyofa. monRoloidi metisi – evropelTa da indielTa STamomavali davaleba � nax. 3.4.4-is mixedviT aRwere TiToeuli rasis warmomadgeneli da imsjele, ra ZiriTad garegnul gansxvavebas amCnev maT Soris? 145
I I I Tavi mosaxleoba es sainteresoa 146 rasobrivad qarTvelebi evropeiduli rasis samxreTul Stos miekuTvnebian da garegnulad samxreT evropisa da axlo aRmosavleTis xalxebs hgvanan. wya ro 1 rasizmi rasobrivi niSnis mixedviT mosaxleobis nawilis uflebaTa Selaxva da diskriminaciaa. sityva „rasizmi“ pirvelad 1932 wels larusis mier Sedgenil frangul leqsikonSi dafiqsirda. rasizmis fuZemdeblad Jozef de gobino iTvleba. rasizmis gamovlinebis forma iyo monoba aSS-Si, romelic 1863 wels abraam linkolnma gaauqma. rasobrivi diskriminaciis formaa aseve aparteidi, romelsac xSirad ama Tu im qveynis adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mimarT atarebdnen. amJamad rasizmis yvela formis likvidaciis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso konvencia moqmedebs, romelic gaeros generalurma asambleam 1965 wlis 21 dekembers miiRo. nax. 3.4.5 nelson mandela antiaparteidis moZraobis aqtivisti, afrikis nacionaluri kongresis lideri iyo, SemdgomSi ki samxreT afrikis respublikis prezidenti gaxda. man cixeSi 27 weli gaatara. mandela, rogorc rasobrivi Tanasworobis simbolo, ara marto afrikaSi, aramed mTel msoflioSia cnobili. mas 100-ze meti sxvadasxva jildo aqvs miRebuli, maT Soris 1993 wels nobelis premia mSvidobis dargSi. bunebrivi garemo da gansakuTrebiT hava adamianis ara mxolod kanis fersa da siTbos SenarCunebis xasiaTze moqmedebs, aramed adamianis saxis formasac gansazRvravs. garda mkveTri garegnuli niSnebisa, adamianTa rasebi sxva TvisebebiTac gansxvavdebian, magaliTad, Tavis qalis formiT da filtvebiT. negroidebi da avstraloidebi wagrZelebuli Tavis qaliT gamoirCevian. centralur da aRmosavleT evropelebs da monRoloidebis udides nawils ki farTo Tavis qala aqvT. dasavleT evropelebis umravlesobaSi Tavis qalis orive formaa gavrcelebuli. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavis tvinis sidide inteleqtTan dakavSirebuli ar aris. gonebriv sazrianobas rasobrivi gansxvavebebi ar gansazRvravs. maRalmTiani teritoriis mkvidrni adaptirebulni arian haerSi Jangbadis ukmarisobasTan. maTi guli, rogorc wesi, Cveulebrivze ufro didia da filtvebSic met sisxls gadatumbavs. filtvebic, Tavis mxriv ufro farToa da didi moculobis haers CaisunTqavs. f 3. 5. eTnosebi da ena eTnosi garkveul teritoriaze mcxovrebi xalxi, sazogadoebaa, romelTa wevrebic erTmaneTTan istoriulad arian dakavSirebulebi da saerTo ena, teritoria, saqmianoba, kultura, tradiciebi da eTnikuri TviTSegneba aqvT. Cveni planetis mosaxleobis eTnikuri struqtura metad Wrelia. dReisaTvis dedamiwaze daaxloebiT 3-4 aTas eTnoss iTvlian, Tumca maTi udidesi nawili mcirericxovania. zogierTi eTnosi erad, sxvebi ki – tomad da xalxad Camoyalibda. eTnosi ricxovnoba, mln. kaci Cinelebi 1270 CineTi hindustanelebi 265 indoeTi ZiriTadi sacxovrebeli qveyana bengalielebi 225 bangladeSi, indoeTi brazilielebi 175 brazilia iaponelebi 125 iaponia rusebi 120 ruseTi penjabelebi 115 pakistani biharelebi 115 indoeTi meqsikelebi 105 meqsika iavelebi 105 indonezia nax. 3.5.1 msoflios umsxvilesi eTnosebi davaleba 1. rogor fiqrob, ram ganapiroba cxrilSi CamoTvlili eTnosebis aseTi mravalricxovneba? zogjer saxelmwifo da eTnikuri sazRvrebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva, amitom xalxi sxvadasxva qveynis teritoriaze cxovrobs. magaliTad, qurTebi TurqeTSi, iranSi, eraysa da siriaSi cxovroben. adamianTa jgufebs erTmaneTisgan ori ZiriTadi elementi ganasxvavebs. esenia: ena da religia. msofloSi 4000-mde gansxvavebuli ena arsebobs. bevri maTgani gaerTianebulia e.w. enobriv ojaxebSi. yvelaze didi enobrivi ojaxi indo-evropuli ojaxia da masSi gaerTianebul enebze msoflio mosaxleobis 48 % laparakobs. masSi Sedis yvela evropuli ena (garda finuris, ungrulis, Turqulisa da baskurisa), iranuli da indoeTis udidesi nawilis enebi. aseve didi enobrivi ojaxebia sinotibeturi (moicavs birmuls, Cinurs, tais da tibeturs) da altauri (Turquli, monRoluri, koreuli da sxv.) am ojaxebis enebze molaparakeTa ricxvi msoflio mosaxleobis mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgens. SedarebiT patara enobriv ojaxebs warmoadgenen draviduli (moicavs 26 enas), afro-aziuri (moicavs 375 enas, maT Soris arabulsa da ebrauls) da niger-kongo (moicavs 1000 enas). 147
Page 1 and 2: Tavi 8 msoflios regionebi I 1. 1. r
Page 3 and 4: Tavi 42 msoflios regionebi I es sai
Page 5 and 6: Tavi 46 msoflios regionebi I samxre
Page 7 and 8: Tavi 50 msoflios regionebi I es sai
Page 9: Tavi 98 kavkasia da balkaneTi II le
Page 13 and 14: I I I Tavi mosaxleoba 178 wya ro 3
Page 15 and 16: I V Tavi mogzauroba 220 sankt-peter
Page 17 and 18: VTavi transporti da vaWroba 226 5.
Page 19 and 20: V I I Tavi saerTaSoriso organizacie
Page 21 and 22: V I I Tavi saerTaSoriso organizacie

ITavi - Ganatleba

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