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Nr. 3 - Lietuvos sporto informacijos centras

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2012 <strong>Nr</strong>. 3(69)<br />

25<br />

3. Müller, N. (1994). One hundred years of Olympic<br />

Congresses: 1894–1944 (Ingrid Sonnleitner-Hauber, trans.).<br />

Lausanne: International Olympic Committee.<br />

4. Müller, N. (2000). From Olympic idea to Olympism. Piere<br />

de Coubertin 1863–1937 Olympism (pp. 44–48, 160–169,<br />

546–549, 585–603). I.O.C. Lausanne.<br />

5. Georgiadis, K. (2009). The International Olympic<br />

Academy: a History and Olympic Institution. Athens,<br />

Greece. 150 p.<br />

Vertė iš anglų kalbos<br />

prof. habil. dr. Povilas Karoblis ir Laurynas Gaižutis<br />

Conditions for creating Olympic human:<br />

idealistic and critical notions before London Olympic Games 2012<br />

Relying on the principles represented in Coubertin<br />

texts (24 books, 50 brochures, and 1150 articles) and<br />

paying the most attention on H. Lenk, N. Nissiotis, and<br />

O. Grupe researches, the author tries to characterize<br />

the main features that XXI century “Olympic humans”<br />

have to develop. The author names the requirements<br />

to be followed aiming to stay faithful to Olympic<br />

ideals that agreeably go with Coubertin’s philosophy:<br />

1) individual experience in sport, 2) balanced and<br />

whole-sided education of an individual; 3) the idea<br />

of human perfection through the best result not only<br />

in sports arena but also in science and art areas (for<br />

example, London Olympic art festival with 1200 events;<br />

more and more science congresses and seminars<br />

related to Olympic Games); 4) social connections<br />

and understanding of (a) voluntary respect for ethic<br />

principles (fair play, Olympic solidarity, assistance in<br />

pursuing perfection) and (b) peace and understanding<br />

among nations (to begin with “peace in Olympic<br />

Summary<br />

Prof. Dr. Habil. Norbert Muller<br />

The International Olympic Academy<br />

Games” (UN declaration) and to move towards peace<br />

among nations on the World level (the grand vision));<br />

5) individual athlete’s freedom and independence;<br />

6) being involved in “sports elite” as well as being a<br />

role model for future athletes; 7) emancipation in sport<br />

and in other life areas through sport, equal treatment<br />

on the grounds of gender, environment protection,<br />

cherishing sport traditions, etc. The author forms the<br />

conclusion that Olympic Movement, still based on<br />

Coubertin’s philosophy, has to remain in solidarity<br />

with humanitarian, philosophical, and educational<br />

conceptions of Olympic ideal. This ideal has to remain<br />

free without sacrificing it to commerce, almighty mass<br />

communication, and politics. And this is the supreme<br />

mission for national Olympic academies – to arrange<br />

discussions and keep highlighting Olympic ideals.<br />

Keywords: Olympic human, Olympic Games,<br />

Olympic education, Olympic Movement.<br />

Norbert Muller<br />

Mainco universitetas<br />

Saarstraße 21, 55122 Mainas, Vokietija<br />

El. paštas: muellern@uni-mainz.dee: muellern@uni-mainz.de<br />

Gauta 2012 07 10<br />

Patvirtinta 2012 09 28<br />

Sporto marketingas:<br />

teoriniai <strong>sporto</strong> paslaugų vartotojo modeliai ir elgsena<br />

Doc. dr. Biruta Švagždienė 1 , doc. dr. Linas Žalys 2 , doc. dr. Irina Žalienė 2 , dr. Kristina Bradauskienė 1<br />

<strong>Lietuvos</strong> kūno kultūros akademija 1 , Šiaulių universitetas 2<br />

Santrauka<br />

Sportas yra globalus reiškinys, įrėmintas tarptautinių organizacijų tinkluose. Televizijos žiūrovai ar interneto vartotojai<br />

gali realiu laiku žiūrėti daugybę įvairių <strong>sporto</strong> šakų varžybų, kad ir kur jos vyktų. Žinomi sportininkai prilygsta<br />

ryškiausioms pramogų pasaulio žvaigždėms ir lengvai atpažįstami bet kuriame pasaulio kampelyje. Visa tai nesunkiai<br />

konvertuojama į didelius pinigus ir pamažu aiškėja – tai visų pirma <strong>sporto</strong> verslas. Profesionalių sportininkų (darbo<br />

jėgos) didelio masto migracija tai tik patvirtina. Sporto marketingas dar tik atsiranda. Nors tam tikrų proceso<br />

užuomazgų galima pastebėti ir anksčiau, tačiau tai daugiau sietina su teikiamų paslaugų reklama. Nėra pakankamai<br />

literatūros, kuri padėtų įvertinti marketingo santykius sporte ar leistų pateikti tam tikrą sistemą, kuri padėtų suprasti<br />

strateginius metodus ar vertę, kurią marketingas gali duoti sportui. Pripažinta, kad sportas gali turėti naudos iš

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