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71. Tsao R., Yang R., Young J. C., Zhu H. 2003. Polyphenolic Profiles in EightApple Cultivars Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 6 347–6 353.72. Vita J. A. 2005. Polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: effects on endothelialand platelet function. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 81: 292S–297S.73. Weichselbaum E., Wyness L., Stanner S. 2010. Apple polyphenols and cardiovasculardisease a review of the evidence. British Nutrition Foundation NutritionBulletin, 35: 92–101.74. Wu J., Gao H., Zhao L., Liao X., Chen F., Wang Z., Hu X. 2007. Chemical compositionalcharacterization of some apple cultivars. Food Chem., 103: 88–93.75. Zhu Q. Y., Huang Y., Tsang D., Chen Z. Y. 1999. Regeneration of alpha-tocopherolin human low-density lipoprotein by green tea catechin. J. Agric. FoodChem., 47(5): 2 020–2 025.SODININKYSTĖ IR DARŽININKYSTĖ. SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. 2012. <strong>31</strong>(<strong>1–2</strong>).Polyphenolic compounds in apples – chemical composition, structure,biological activity (Review)M. Liaudanskas, P. Viškelis, V. JanulisSummaryApples are one of the most frequently consumed fruits in Lithuania and worldwide. They area significant source of polyphenolic compounds. The major polyphenolic compounds in applesare flavonols, flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones and phenolic acids. Polyphenolic compounds aresecondary plant metabolites. They act as modulators of biochemical processes, protect plantsagainst harsh env<strong>ir</strong>onmental effects. Polyphenolic compounds have various biological activities.One of the most important effects of these compounds is strong antioxidative activity.Polyphenolic compounds are natural antioxidants which bind free radicals, inhibit the<strong>ir</strong> formationprocesses, stimulate production of antioxidative enzymes, therefore prevent oxidative stressthat damages structural organism molecules. Antioxidative activity is closely related to otherbiological effects of polyphenolic compounds: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenicand cardiovascular protective activity. The consumption of apples strengthens organism,helps avoid various diseases. As a food rich in polyphenolic compounds, apples should be moreincluded in human diet, they are a promising source of raw material for food supplements.Key words: antioxidative activity, apple, polyphenolic compounds.17
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