afvalzorg Deponie methaanreductie door actieve beluchting en ...

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COLOFON Novem projectnummer: 375004/0010 Novem Postbus 8242 3505 RE UTRECHT Nederland Tel. 030-239 34 93 Contact: Drs. E.M.F. Schoenmaekers NOVEM does not guarantee correctness and/or completeness of data, designs, constructions, products or production methods appearing or described in this report, nor for the suitability for any special purpose. Deze studie is uitgevoerd door: Afvalzorg Deponie BV TNO-MEP ECN-BCM Postbus 6343 Postbus 342 Postbus 1 2001 HH HAARLEM 7300 AH APELDOORN 1755 ZG PETTEN Nederland Nederland Nederland Tel. +31 23-5 534 534 Tel. +31 55-549 34 93 Tel. +31 224-56 49 49 Auteurs: Ir. H. Scharff Ir. J. Oonk Drs. A. Hensen h.scharff@afvalzorg.nl hans.oonk@mep.tno.nl hensen@ecn.nl Ir. R. Vroon Dr. H.A. van der Sloot Drs. A. van Zomeren 2
Summary In order to demonstrate a reduction of methane emissions, a Smell-Well system was installed and operated on a part of the slope of the Braambergen landfill near Almere, the Netherlands in the period of October 2000 until August 2002. In the Smell-Well system alternately air is injected or extracted through a relative large number of lances, located about 5 meters away from each other. Air injection might have a number of effects: (i) the existing capacity for methane oxidation in the top-layer can be enhanced; (ii) further methane formation in the aerobic part of the landfill is prevented, since traces of oxygen are toxic for the methanogens responsible for methane generation; (iii) in presence of sufficient oxygen, organic material will decompose aerobically and the potential for methane formation is removed; (iv) the dense system of lances will act as an efficient system for surface extraction of landfill gas, migrating through the top-layer. The demonstration is intensively monitored; methane emissions are measured, the quality of pore water is analyzed and waste samples are taken and analyzed prior to and after aeration. Besides the process of aerobic conversion is enhanced on a lab-scale in order to be able to study the possibility of an aerobic landfill, in which the waste is composted in-situ. Main conclusion is that Smell-Well reduces methane emissions with 60-85%. In the demonstration from January 2001 until May 2001 the emission of 580.000 Nm 3 of methane was reduced; when the system is continued and operates without any major problems, an average annual emission reduction can be expected of about 500.000 Nm 3 of methane (0.36 ktonne CH4 y -1 ; 7.6 ktonne CO2-equivalents y -1 ). The most important mechanism is mechanism (iv): an efficient surface extraction of the gas. Besides it is demonstrated that mechanism (i), a stimulation of methane oxidation is also of importance. The extra methane oxidation due to Smell-Well is 13-23% of total methane flux through the top layer. Investments were € 1.14 million, and annual operating costs are € 70.000. The costs for greenhouse gas mitigation were € 27 per tonne CO2-equivalents, which is quite expensive. On the basis of insights gathered in this study, a simplified system can be designed, costing about € 6 per tonne CO2-equivalents. With regards to the feasibility of aerobic landfills, the full-scale and lab-scale experiments led to contradictions: on a full-scale, aerobic conversion of organic material could not be proven to have occurred; on a lab-scale aerobic stabilization proceeded rather fast and the organic material was completely stabilized within about half a year. On the basis of these results, no conclusions can be drawn about the technical feasibility of aerobic landfills. One conclusion that can be drawn is that the presence of an dense system for aeration is no guarantee for swift aerobic stabilization. Additional monitoring of methane emissions and waste conversion are required in order to demonstrate the feasibility of an aerobic landfill. On the full-scale an improvement of pore-leachate is observed. A comparison of fully aerobic stabilized waste, anaerobically stabilized organic waste and largely inorganic waste showed 3
Page 1: Methaanemissiereductie door luchtin
Page 5 and 6: Samenvatting en conclusies Op een d
Page 7 and 8: Inhoudsopgave Summary .............
Page 9 and 10: De verwachting was dat na een zeker
Page 11 and 12: Hoofdstuk 3 Technische uitvoering 3
Page 13 and 14: 3.2 Realisatie van het beluchtings-
Page 15 and 16: heeft daarop bezworen dat bevriezin
Page 17 and 18: Hoofdstuk 4 Methaanemissies naar de
Page 19 and 20: Massabalansmetingen Met deze method
Page 21 and 22: waarneembaar tussen de methaanflux
Page 23 and 24: 4.4 Toename methanotrofe activiteit
Page 25 and 26: materiaal in een blanco test. Met h
Page 27 and 28: afgeleide gemiddelde methaanoxidati
Page 29 and 30: Effectiviteit van Smell-Well Als ge
Page 31 and 32: methaan (Nm3/hr) 250 200 150 100 50
Page 33 and 34: estaan twee mogelijkheden: Smell-W
Page 35 and 36: aërobe of anaërobe condities de r
Page 37 and 38: gedurende een bepaalde periode geme
Page 39 and 40: RI 4 [mg O 2/g ds] 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 41 and 42: Afname gloeiverlies met diepte Uit
Page 43 and 44: 5.3.3 Resultaten In Figuur 18 is vo
Page 45 and 46: veroorzaakt door het verschil in pr
Page 47 and 48: was het materiaal volledig uitgerea
Page 49 and 50: Eh ( V) Uitgeloogd (mg/kg) Uitgeloo
Page 51 and 52: Uitgeloogd Uitgeloogd Uitgeloogd (
Page 53 and 54:
Figuur 24: Berekening met Geochemis
Page 55 and 56:
De uitloging van de overige element
Page 57 and 58:
de ANC resultaten van het monster v
Page 59 and 60:
mg/l systematisch boven de waarden
Page 61 and 62:
5.5 Discussie en conclusies aërobe
Page 63 and 64:
Operationele kosten: extra uitgaven
Page 65 and 66:
Referenties 1. Bender, M. & R. Conr
Page 67 and 68:
24. Soyez, K., Koller, M. & D. Thr
Page 69 and 70:
Tabel A.2 Methaanoxidatiecapaciteit
Page 71 and 72:
Bijlage C Resultaten stabilisatie o
Page 73 and 74:
Bijlage D Vergelijking poriewater c
Page 75 and 76:
1 0,1 0,01 0,001 0,0001 100 10 1 0,
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