InterviewLeadership in scientificresearchBy Caroline MartinA professio<strong>na</strong>l history that totals 40+ years of experiencein the forestry and pulp and paper sectors, invarious activity fronts, is sufficient grounds for professorDr. Celso Foelkel, former President of the BrazilianPulp and Paper Technical Association (ABTCP) to beawarded the Madeira 2010 (Wood 2010) award in theResearcher category. The Wood Award is one of themost important of the traditio<strong>na</strong>l Wood event organizedevery two years by Instituto BESC Humanidades eEconomia (http://www.institutobesc.org), with effectivesupport from representative entities of the forestry basedBrazilian sector. With a forest agronomy engineeringbackground, Foelkel has published over 500 scientifictechnical articles, lectures, columns and opinions. Hehas also ma<strong>na</strong>ged the research and development areasof companies in the sector, was a professor at five universities,conducted renowned actions in the institutio<strong>na</strong>larea worldwide and, now, is thoroughly involved i<strong>na</strong>nother field. “Instead of teaching classes to a smallnumber of students, I saw that I could present informationto thousands of people through the internet”. It iswith great enthusiasm that Foelkel talks to us aboutProject Eucalyptus Online Book, a pioneer initiative oflaunching a totally free digital bilingual book, availableFoelkel says: “many operation andresearch engineers are domi<strong>na</strong>tedby the use of technology to thepoint of moving away from thehands-on process”at www.abtcp.com.br and www.eucalyptus.com.br, about the fiber that led Brazil to rank in the top positions of the sectorworldwide as a producer of bleached short-fiber eucalyptus pulp. In this interview, Dr. Foelkel reveals details about today’sfield of research in Brazil and points to the directions that the pulp and paper will pursue in the future.banco de imagens abtcp / Sérgio BrittoO PAPEL - Junho 201012O <strong>Papel</strong> Magazine – Whatpublic incentives are there for becominga researcher in Brazil?Celso Foelkel – Public universitiesconstitute the origin of Brazilianresearchers. The main advantage ofthese educatio<strong>na</strong>l institutions residesin the possibility of offering scientistsconditions to work in two fronts:teaching knowledge as a career anddeveloping innovations through aca-demic research. The big dilemma isthe limitation that students suffer afterearning a graduate and/or postgraduatedegree, as there is not all that muchdemand for these competencies in thecountry. There is still need for greaterparticipation of companies, not only inmaintaining researchers on their staffs,but also to support research carriedout by institutions specialized in thesubject manner.O <strong>Papel</strong> – Is this why Braziliantalents in this field end up going abroadto seek recognition for projects theydevelop?Foelkel – Yes. Another commonsituation is seen in cases with professio<strong>na</strong>lswho were excellent researcherswhile going to school, but end up havingto pursue unexpected (or undesired)paths in their careers, giving place toprofessio<strong>na</strong>l frustration. This giving
up in following one’s dream is a silentmanner of losing our talents in the scienceand technology areas.O <strong>Papel</strong> – Aren’t companyuniversityresearch and developmentpartnerships a way to improve thissce<strong>na</strong>rio?Foelkel – In the forestry area,several companies participate in cooperativeprograms of mutual help thatare carried out by certain institutions(IPEF, SIF, CEPEF, FUPEF, etc.).Project Genolyptus – Eucalyptus Genomeis a good example. Around tenuniversities joined forces with anotherdozen companies to conduct the studyand also included the government’sparticipation, which in the end sponsoreda major part of the project. Inthe search of making better quality andmore productive eucalyptus forests, thegovernment and some representativesfrom the sector believed that moleculargenetics could become a major competitiveadvantage for our industry. Assuch, they continue investing in thisresearch.O <strong>Papel</strong> – Will results of theEucalyptus genome Project be madeaccessible to the entire local industry?Foelkel – This is a long termresearch project. Additio<strong>na</strong>lly, thereis also the issue whether society willaccept the production of geneticallymodified eucalyptus. Nonetheless,I believe that those contributing tothe research will be given priority(but not exclusive) in terms of havingaccess to data. It is <strong>na</strong>tural forcompanies to invest in projects thatare of interest to the market in whichthey do business. I do not see the factof having exclusivity over certaininformation on innovations as beinga negative factor, since the countryneeds that our companies remaincompetitive globally, and privilegedinformation means power in the inter<strong>na</strong>tio<strong>na</strong>lscience and technologysce<strong>na</strong>rio, as well as in the pulp andpaper sector.O <strong>Papel</strong> – How do you see thecountry’s advancement in the scienceand technology area?Foelkel – Sources of fi<strong>na</strong>ncinghave existed for a long time. Thegovernment encourages industrialdevelopment with public investment,but there needs to be more contributionfrom companies. It’s difficult tounderstand this low demand problem.In general, companies in the sectorpossess research teams in the forestryand industrial areas, but few investin adequate research centers orlaboratories. Perhaps they still perceiveresearch as an expense ratherthan an investment. The amount ofresources allocated to technologicaldevelopment projects is small, representing0.3% to 0.5% of companyannual revenues. Curiously enough,most research conducted is aimed atoptimizing the current process ratherthan focused more on the long term.This is the reality!O <strong>Papel</strong> – What would be thereason for this lack of attention to theneed of boosting such investments inthe pulp and paper industry?Foelkel – Today, Brazil is theglobal leader in forest productivity,thanks to scientific research in this field.We are inserted in a process industrywith high economies of scale impact.Therefore, innovation is fundamentalfor business sustai<strong>na</strong>bility in our sector.However, research focus differs in practiceregarding producers and suppliers.While producers focus their attentionon operatio<strong>na</strong>l development research,so as to make their mills more productiveand efficient, suppliers developresearch to optimize their equipmentand use of chemical products. The visionis highly focused on the very shortterm and on operatio<strong>na</strong>l costs and doesnot have the amplitude that innovationrequires to truly make things happen. Ibelieve that this short term vision is thecause for the lack of attention.O <strong>Papel</strong> – How do you see thefuture of Brazil’s pulp and paper production?Foelkel – I see the future of thesector growing in relation to recyclingand reutilizing eventual productionwaste, after minimizing its generation.Additio<strong>na</strong>lly, the industry will no longerfocus on a single production area (suchas market pulp and nothing else), butrather a broader area and integratedwith other businesses (clusters). Withthe opportunities available in biofuels,use of waste and many other fields,broader production arrangements willsurface. In order for these interactionsto take place, a lot of research and developmentin technology will be needed.Tooling and the opportunities availabletoday are unbelievable for innovativecompanies and people (whether researchersor not). Today, techniciansare able to compare their quality,production levels and technology in amuch easier manner. However, all thisaccess to new information technologiesreflects in the gradual sensibility loss onthe part of technicians regarding theirproduction process. Many operatio<strong>na</strong>nd research engineers are domi<strong>na</strong>tedby the use of technology (computersand internet) to the point of movingaway from the hands-on process.They no longer visit mills and foreststo talk with their machines and trees.This distance may end up costing toomuch due to this loss of sensibilityand also in reason. I really hope thisdoes change, otherwise, we may seesome unpleasant surprises in our pathtowards a more competitive future.O PAPEL - Junho 201013
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