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Estudo de Propriedades Cr´ıticas de Sistemas de Spin de Ising ...

Estudo de Propriedades Cr´ıticas de Sistemas de Spin de Ising ...

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SumárioLista <strong>de</strong> FigurasLista <strong>de</strong> Tabelasxiiixvi1 Introdução 11.1 <strong>Sistemas</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ising</strong> Puros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1.1 Mo<strong>de</strong>lo <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ising</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.2 Transições <strong>de</strong> fase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1.3 Expoentes críticos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1.4 Proprieda<strong>de</strong>s do mo<strong>de</strong>lo <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ising</strong> bidimensinal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 <strong>Sistemas</strong> Magnéticos Desor<strong>de</strong>nados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2.1 Diluição e interação aleatória . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2.2 Campo aleatório . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.2.3 Vidros <strong>de</strong> spin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.2.4 O método <strong>de</strong> réplica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.3 Matrizes <strong>de</strong> Transferência . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.3.1 Definição da matriz <strong>de</strong> transferência . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.3.2 Transformações conformes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.3.3 Escala <strong>de</strong> tamanhos finitos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.3.4 Média em sistemas <strong>de</strong>sor<strong>de</strong>nados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Correlações do Mo<strong>de</strong>lo <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ising</strong> <strong>de</strong> Ligações Aleatórias 342.1 Introdução . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.2 Método . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.3 Resultados numéricos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.4 Conclusões . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50xi

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