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294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
sapensio reforma _<br />
saqarTveloSi dRes arsebuli<br />
ana uruSaZe<br />
sapensio sistema ori nawilisgan<br />
Sedgeba: ZiriTadi saxelmwifo<br />
sapensio sistema da kerZo sapensio uzrunvelyofis sistema,<br />
romelic naklebadaa ganviTarebuli.<br />
saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli<br />
samsaxuris monacemebiT,<br />
2017 wels saqarTveloSi daregistrirebuli<br />
iyo 732 000-ze meti pensiis<br />
mimRebi piri asakis mixedviT.<br />
saxelmwifo pensia regulirdeba<br />
saqarTvelos kanoniT pensiis Sesaxeb,<br />
romlis mizania saqarTvelos<br />
moqalaqeTa konstituciiTa garantirebuli<br />
socialur-ekonomikuri<br />
uflebebis realizaciis uzrunvelyofa.<br />
pensiis dawesebiT saxelmwifo<br />
adgens asakis, SesaZleblobis<br />
SezRudvisa da marCenalis dakargvis<br />
gamo piris minimaluri saarsebo<br />
saSualebiT uzrunvelyofis<br />
sayovelTao uflebas da am uflebis<br />
realizebas axdens etapobrivad,<br />
arsebuli resursebis farglebSi.<br />
pensia qalebisa da mamakacebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva asakiT ganisazRvreba:<br />
qalebs pensia eniSnebaT<br />
60 wlis miRwevis Semdeg, xolo<br />
mamakacebisTvis es asaki 65 wliT<br />
ganisazRvreba.<br />
saqarTveloSi, bolo wlebis manZilze,<br />
aqtiurad ganixileboda<br />
arsebuli sapensio sistemis reformirebis<br />
sakiTxi, romelic viwro<br />
profesiul jgufebs gascda da sazogadoebriv<br />
ganxilvebSi gadaizarda.<br />
2014 wels ekonomikisa da<br />
mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro-<br />
Si sapensio reformis samsaxuri<br />
Seiqmna da im wlidan moyolebuli<br />
aqtiurad saubroben, rom sapensio<br />
sistemis reformis Semdeg axali<br />
tipis _ dagrovebiTi sapensio<br />
sistema amoqmeddeba.<br />
Tumca reforma jer kidev ar<br />
amoqmedebula. bolo informaciiT,<br />
axali sapensio sistema, romelic<br />
danazogebis Senaxvasa da 40 wlamde<br />
moqalaqeebis sistemaSi CarTvas<br />
gulisxmobs, am wlis mesame kvartlidan<br />
amoqmeddeba.<br />
ras gulisxmobs, zogadad, dagrovebiTi<br />
sapensio sistema da ra<br />
saWiroebebma ganapiroba Cvens qveyanaSi<br />
sapensio sistemis reformirebis<br />
aucilebloba?<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2014<br />
wlis 17 ivnisis dadgenileba, romelic<br />
„saqarTvelo 2020"-is saxelwodebiTaa<br />
cnobili, warmoadgens<br />
saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis strategias.<br />
am dokumentSi ramdenime gverdze<br />
saubaria sapensio sistemis reformis<br />
arssa da im ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebze,<br />
rac axal sistemas eqneba.<br />
kerZod: dagrovebiT sapensio<br />
sistemaSi CaerTveba yvela dasaqmebuli<br />
piri (gamoiricxeba TviTdasaqmebuli<br />
pirebi, romelTa<br />
xvedriTi wili mTlian samuSao<br />
ZalaSi sakmaod maRalia). am pirebs<br />
eqnebaT 6-Tviani periodi imisTvis,<br />
raTa uari Tqvan dagrovebiT sapensio<br />
sistemaSi monawileobaze.<br />
sxva sityvebiT, 6-Tviani vada iqneba<br />
is periodi, ra droSic monawiles<br />
sistemidan gamosvlis Sesa-<br />
Zlebloba eqneba. aRniSnulidan<br />
irkveva, rom reforma gulisxmobs<br />
naxevrad savaldebulo tipis (hibriduli)<br />
sapensio sistemis Semo-<br />
22<br />
Rebas damsaqmebelTaTvis, Tumca<br />
igi srulad savaldebuloa damsaqmeblisaTvis.<br />
reformis mixedviT, axali modeli<br />
gulisxmobs sistemaSi CarTuli<br />
dasaqmebuli piris mxridan saxelmwifo<br />
biujetSi 22%-is gadaxdas,<br />
saidanac saxelmwifo sakuTar<br />
Tavze iRebs valdebulebas, 2%<br />
mimarTos piris dagrovebiTi sapensio<br />
angariSisken. aRniSnulis<br />
paralelurad, dasaqmebuli damatebiT<br />
2%-s ricxavs sapensio fondSi,<br />
damsaqmebeli ki, Tavis mxriv,<br />
damatebiT 2%-s. aRniSnulis Tanaxmad,<br />
viRebT models, sadac xelfasis<br />
6% dasaqmebulis, damsaqmeblisa<br />
da saxelmwifos mxridan iricxeba<br />
dasaqmebulis dagrovebiT<br />
angariSze, romelsac kerZo safinanso<br />
kompaniebi marTaven. aRniSnulis<br />
garda aseve iarsebebs saxelmwifo<br />
(socialuri) pensiac, romelic<br />
pirdapir sabiujeto saxsrebiT<br />
daifareba, daefuZneba saarsebo<br />
minimums da uzrunvelyofs mxolod<br />
minimaluri saWiroebebis<br />
dakmayofilebas.<br />
Tumca ucvleli rCeba ukve arsebuli<br />
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema.<br />
yvela moqalaqe, ganurCevlad<br />
Semosavlisa, samuSao staJisa da a.<br />
S., solidarulad miiRebs pensiis<br />
ucvlel odenobas.<br />
im qveynebSi, sadac ekonomika<br />
mzardia da finansuri bazrebi ganviTarebuli,<br />
kerZo dagrovebiTi<br />
sapensio modeli amarTlebs, radgan<br />
dabandebuli pensia maRal<br />
sargebels iZleva.<br />
bolo aTeuli wlis ganmavloba-<br />
Si msoflioSi dagrovebiTi pensiis<br />
roli gaizarda da, Sesabamisad,<br />
Semcirda saxelmwifo pensiisa. sapensio<br />
reforma yvelgan gatarda<br />
qveynis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
arsebobs qveynebi, sadac dagrovebiT<br />
sapensio sqemaSi savaldebuloa<br />
monawileobis miReba (saxelmwifo<br />
pensiasTan erTad), aseTebia:<br />
avstralia, dania, estoneTi,<br />
fineTi, islandia, israeli, norvegia,<br />
poloneTi, slovakeTi, Svede-<br />
Ti, Sveicaria. qveynebis nawilSi<br />
dagrovebiT pensiaSi monawileoba<br />
nebayoflobiTia: italia, axali zelandia,<br />
didi britaneTi.<br />
magaliTad, latviaSi Seqmnilia<br />
samdoniani sapensio sistema. pirvel<br />
doned moiazreba saxelmwifo<br />
savaldebulo arafondiseuli sapensio<br />
sqema. masSi monawileobs yvela<br />
moqalaqe da dafuZnebulia<br />
„TaobaTa solidarobis” principze,<br />
anu momuSaves xelfasidan<br />
20% eqviTeba amJamindeli pensioneris<br />
Sesanaxad.<br />
meore doned moiazreba saxelmwifo<br />
fondiseuli, anu dagrovebi-<br />
Ti sapensio sqema. SemdgomSi pensiis<br />
odenoba damokidebulia xelfassa<br />
da sapensio Senatanebze. dasaqmebulis<br />
socialuri Senatanebi<br />
mmarTvelobaSi gadaecema banks<br />
saxelmwifos meTvalyureobis qveS.<br />
pirs SeuZlia, Tvali miadevnos Tavisi<br />
fulis brunvas. mogebac, raRa<br />
Tqma unda, piris sapensio fondSi<br />
`im qveynebSi, sadac ekonomika mzardia da<br />
finansuri bazrebi ganviTarebuli, kerZo<br />
dagrovebiTi sapensio modeli amarTlebs,<br />
radgan dabandebuli pensia maRal sargebels<br />
iZleva. bolo aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
msoflioSi dagrovebiTi pensiis roli gaizarda<br />
da, Sesabamisad, Semcirda saxelmwifo pensiisa.<br />
sapensio reforma yvelgan gatarda qveynis<br />
specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT. arsebobs qveynebi,<br />
sadac dagrovebiT sapensio sqemaSi<br />
savaldebuloa monawileobis miReba (saxelmwifo<br />
pensiasTan erTad), aseTebia: avstralia, dania,<br />
estoneTi, fineTi, islandia, israeli, norvegia,<br />
poloneTi, slovakeTi, SvedeTi, Sveicaria.<br />
qveynebis nawilSi dagrovebiT pensiaSi<br />
monawileoba nebayoflobiTia: italia, axali<br />
zelandia, didi britaneTi. magaliTad, latviaSi<br />
Seqmnilia samdoniani sapensio sistema. pirvel<br />
doned moiazreba saxelmwifo savaldebulo<br />
arafondiseuli sapensio sqema. masSi<br />
monawileobs yvela moqalaqe da dafuZnebulia<br />
`TaobaTa solidarobis~ principze, anu<br />
momuSaves xelfasidan 20% eqviTeba amJamindeli<br />
pensioneris Sesanaxad~<br />
ideba. am sqemis gamoyenebis dros,<br />
praqtikulad, SeuZlebelia Tanxis<br />
dakargva, radganac garantori saxelmwifoa,<br />
gansxvaveba aris mxolod<br />
mogebis odenobaSi. dagrovebi-<br />
Ti sqema latviam 2001 wels SemoiRo.<br />
mesame done aris kerZo, nebayoflobiTi<br />
fuladi sapensio danazogebi,<br />
romelic SesaZlebelia<br />
ganaxorcielon, rogorc latviis<br />
bankebTan, aseve ucxoeTis nebismier<br />
bankTan, magram, am SemTxvevaSi,<br />
arsebobs albaToba, fuli arasaimedo<br />
organizaciis xelSi aRmoCndes.<br />
aqac xelSekrulebis sagania,<br />
rogor da sad Seinaxon danazogebi<br />
pensiisTvis.<br />
Tumca manam, sanam saqarTvelo<br />
ganviTarebadi qveynebis rigebSia<br />
da bevr ekonomikur da socialur<br />
problemas ebrZvis, axali reforma,<br />
romelic ukve wlebia, inicirebulia,<br />
jer kidev ar amoqmedebula<br />
da mxolod ganixileba.<br />
„informaciis Tavisuflebis<br />
ganviTarebis instituma” Semogv-<br />
Tavaza sapensio sistemis reformis<br />
analizi, romelic detalurad<br />
ganixilavs mis arssa da im konkretul<br />
gamowvevebsa da rikebs, romelic<br />
Tan axlavs am axal modelze<br />
gadasvlas.<br />
analizSi naTqvamia, rom iseve<br />
rogorc yvela masStabur reformas,<br />
dagrovebiT sapensio sistemaze<br />
gadasvlis processac axlavs garkveuli<br />
riskebi, maT Soris, mniSvnelovania,<br />
Tu ramdenad SeZlebs<br />
ekonomika, aiTvisos sapensio fondSi<br />
akumulirebuli Tanxebi, ramdenad<br />
mdgradi iqneba sistema inflaciuri<br />
procesebis mimarT, agreTve,<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia politikuri<br />
riskic, raTa romelime politikurma<br />
istebliSmentmma fond-<br />
Si arsebuli Tanxebi ar miiTvisos.<br />
swored mTavari kiTxva da eWvi,<br />
romelic am axali reformuli<br />
modelis mimarT Cndeba, aris is, Tu<br />
vin ganagebs dagrovil Tanxebs da<br />
vin iqneba garanti, rom moqalaqeebi<br />
sakuTari SromiT dagrovil<br />
danazogs wlebis ganmavlobaSi ar<br />
dakargaven.<br />
22 N9 (230) 20.03-26.03.2018 w.
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