Plant basal resistance - Universiteit Utrecht

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Chapter 2 accessions Col-0 and Bur-0 (Simon et al., 2008). For each gene expression screen, 15 to 20 RILs were cultivated along with the parental accessions, and examined for PDF1.2 or PR-1 gene expression at 4 h after treatment with 200 µm JA, or 7 h after treatment with 0.5 mM SA, respectively. At both time-points, leaves from mock treated plants were collected to assess basal levels of PDF1.2 and PR-1 expression. Although accession Bur-0 showed consistently higher levels of JA-induced PDF1.2 expression than Col-0, this difference appeared to be too variable between screens to allow for reliable QTL analysis of the pooled data set (data not shown). On the other hand, inter-experiment variation in PR-1 gene expression remained marginal. PR-1 expression values in each RIL screen were standardized to the averaged value from the parental accessions (Col-0 and Bur-0). Composite interval mapping of these standardized values revealed statistically significant linkage between SA- induced PR-1 expression and a locus at chromosome IV (LOD score = 5.64; Figure 6 and Table 1). RILs carrying the Bur-0 alleles at this locus showed higher levels of SA-induced PR-1 expression than RILs carrying the Col-0 alleles at this locus. This direction indicates either a suppressive effect from the Col-0 parent, or a stimulatory locus from the Bur-0 parent (Table 1). No genetic linkage was found with levels of basal PR-1 gene expression (Figure 6a). Hence, the locus at chromosome IV influences responsiveness of the PR-1 gene to SA, but has no influence on basal levels of PR-1 expression. Interestingly, the locus maps closely to a cluster of TIR-NB-LRR genes (At4g16860–At4g16990), of which 10 show nonsynonymous polymorphisms between Col-0 and Bur-0 (Supplementary information Table S2).The locus also maps closely to the highly polymorphic ACD6 gene (At4g14430; Supplementary information Table S2), which was recently identified as a source of natural allelic variation causing vegetative growth reduction and SA-dependent disease resistance (Todesco et al., 2010). Table 1 Chromosome locations and significance of QTLs influencing the responsiveness of SA-induced PR1 expression, PAMP-induced callose, and plant growth. TRAIT CHROM. CM POSITION (BP) 46 LOD SCORE DIRECTION 1 FLG22-INDUCED CALLOSE I 0.0 592,939 3.01 BUR+COL- FLG22-INDUCED CALLOSE III 34.2 10,995,664 16.22 BUR-COL+ GROWTH III 63.5 22,146,585 3.19 BUR+COL- GROWTH IV 0.0 641,363 3.76 BUR+COL- SA-INDUCED PR1 EXPRESSION IV 30.9 8,929,959 5.64 BUR+COL- 1 Bur+Col-: a positive effect from the Bur-0 alleles or a negative effect from the Col-0 alleles; Bur-Col+: a negative effect from the Bur-0 alleles or a positive effect from the Col-0 alleles.
47 Genetic dissection of basal defence responsiveness Figure 6: LOD scores and chromosome positions of QTLs influencing PR-1 gene expression, callose deposition, and plant growth. The QTL mapping analysis was based on 164 RILs from a cross between accessions Col-0 and Bur-0. (a) QTLs controlling basal and SA-induced PR-1 expression. (b) QTLs controlling basal and flg22-induced callose. (c) QTLs controlling plant growth estimated from rosette sizes of 4 week-old-plants. The RPP4/SCN1/RPP5 cluster of R genes is indicated at the top. Dotted black lines represent threshold levels of statistically significant LOD scores (2.94). Identification of QTLs regulating responsiveness of flg22-induced callose To explore the genetic basis of natural variation in responsiveness of PAMP-induced callose, we screened the RIL population for levels of basal and flg22-induced callose. For each experiment, callose intensities were standardised to the averaged values from the parental
Page 1 and 2: Plant basal resistance: genetics, b
Page 3 and 4: Most of the research described in t
Page 5: Promotor: Prof. dr. Ir. C.M.J. Piet
Page 10 and 11: 10 CHAPTER 1 General Introduction A
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Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1 an endogenous plant signa
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Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1 genetic resources for Ara
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Page 35 and 36: 35 Genetic dissection of basal defe
Page 45: Natural variation in responsiveness
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Page 61 and 62: ABSTRACT 61 Role of benzoxazinoids
Page 63 and 64: 63 Role of benzoxazinoids in maize
Page 67 and 68: Chemical treatments and callose qua
Page 69 and 70: Aphid infestation stimulates apopla
Page 81 and 82: Table S1: Primers used for RT-qPCR
Page 86 and 87: 86 CHAPTER 4 Benzoxazinoids in root
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION Plants have
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Chapter 4 Impact of DIMBOA on the P
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Chapter 4 PP5286 dut deoxyuridine 5
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Chapter 4 DIMBOA-producing wild-typ
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Chapter 4 DISCUSSION The rhizospher
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Chapter 4 patterns, we considered t
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108 CHAPTER 5 General Discussion
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Chapter 5 QTL was caused by a polym
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Chapter 5 Figure 1: CYP81D11 regula
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Chapter 5 et al., 2009), and allele
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Chapter 5 defence against different
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Chapter 5 occurred at time-points l
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Chapter 5 rhizospheric signals that
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Chapter 5 glucosinolate profiles. 1
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References References Abramovitch R
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References QTL mapping and characte
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References Gianoli E, Niemeyer HM (
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References Kliebenstein DJ, Kroyman
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References Studies in Natural Produ
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References Geniostoma antherotrichu
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References Todesco M, Balasubramani
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References Walters DR, Paterson L,
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Summary Summary Basal resistance in
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Samenvatting Samenvatting Basale re
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Samenvatting inzichten opgeleverd i
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgements In
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Curriculum vitae Shakoor was born o
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