Plant basal resistance - Universiteit Utrecht

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60 CHAPTER 3 Benzoxazinoid Metabolites Regulate Innate Immunity against Aphids and Fungi in Maize. Shakoor Ahmad 1,5 , Nathalie Veyrat 1,2 , Ruth Gordon-Weeks 1 , Yuhua Zhang 1 , Janet Martin 1 , Lesley Smart 1 , Gaetan Glauser 2,6 , Matthias Erb 2 , Victor Flors 3 , Monika Frey 4, and Jurriaan Ton 1,7 1 Rothamsted Research, Centre for Sustainable Pest and Disease Management, Harpenden, United Kingdom. 2 Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE), University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. 3 Plant Physiology Section, Department of CAMN, University of Jaume I, Spain. 4 Technische Universität München, Lehrsuhl für Genetik, Freising, Germany. 5 Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. 6 Chemical Analytical Service of the Swiss Plant Science Web, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. 7 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK. Plant Physiology (2011) 157: 317-327.
ABSTRACT 61 Role of benzoxazinoids in maize immunity Benzoxazinoids (BXs), such as 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), are secondary metabolites in grasses. The first step in BX biosynthesis converts indole-3-glycerol phosphate into indole. In maize, this reaction is catalysed by either Benzoxazineless 1 (BX1), or Indole glycerol phosphate lyase (IGL). The Bx1 gene is under developmental control and is mainly responsible for BX production, whereas the Igl gene is inducible by stress signals, such as wounding, herbivory, or jasmonates. To determine the role of BXs in defence against aphids and fungi, we compared basal resistance between Bx1 wild-type and bx1 mutant lines in the igl mutant background, thereby preventing BX production from IGL. Compared to Bx1 wild-type plants, BX-deficient bx1 mutant plants allowed better development of the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, and were affected in penetration resistance against the fungus Setosphaeria turtica. At stages preceding major tissue disruption, R. padi and S. turtica elicited increased accumulation of DIMBOA-glucoside, DIMBOA and HDMBOA-glucoside, which was most pronounced in apoplastic leaf extracts. Treatment with the defence elicitor chitosan similarly enhanced apoplastic accumulation of DIMBOA and 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HDMBOA)-glucoside, but repressed transcription of genes controlling BX biosynthesis downstream of BX1. This repression was also obtained after treatment with the BX precursor indole and DIMBOA, but not with HDMBOA-glucoside. Furthermore, BX-deficient bx1 mutant lines deposited less chitosan-induced callose than Bx1 wild-type lines, whereas apoplast infiltration with DIMBOA, but not HDMBOA-glucoside, mimicked chitosan-induced callose. Hence, DIMBOA functions as a defence regulatory signal in maize innate immunity, which acts in addition to its well-characterised activity as a biocidal defence metabolite.
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Plant basal resistance: genetics, b
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Most of the research described in t
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Promotor: Prof. dr. Ir. C.M.J. Piet
Page 10 and 11: 10 CHAPTER 1 General Introduction A
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1 (PRRs; Gomez-Gomez and Bo
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 1 by avirulent pathogens (R
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1 Selective non-pathogenic
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Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1 genetic resources for Ara
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1 metabolites are biosynthe
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Page 33 and 34: ABSTRACT 33 Genetic dissection of b
Page 35 and 36: 35 Genetic dissection of basal defe
Page 45 and 46: Natural variation in responsiveness
Page 57: 57 Genetic dissection of basal defe
Page 63 and 64: 63 Role of benzoxazinoids in maize
Page 67 and 68: Chemical treatments and callose qua
Page 69 and 70: Aphid infestation stimulates apopla
Page 81 and 82: Table S1: Primers used for RT-qPCR
Page 86 and 87: 86 CHAPTER 4 Benzoxazinoids in root
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION Plants have
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 4 Our study presents eviden
Page 92 and 93: Chapter 4 Maize - P. putida FBC004
Page 94 and 95: Chapter 4 P. putida is tolerant to
Page 96 and 97: Chapter 4 Impact of DIMBOA on the P
Page 98 and 99: Chapter 4 PP5286 dut deoxyuridine 5
Page 100 and 101: Chapter 4 DIMBOA-producing wild-typ
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 4 DISCUSSION The rhizospher
Page 104 and 105: Chapter 4 patterns, we considered t
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108 CHAPTER 5 General Discussion
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Chapter 5 QTL was caused by a polym
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Chapter 5 Figure 1: CYP81D11 regula
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Chapter 5 et al., 2009), and allele
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Chapter 5 defence against different
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Chapter 5 occurred at time-points l
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Chapter 5 rhizospheric signals that
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Chapter 5 glucosinolate profiles. 1
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References References Abramovitch R
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References QTL mapping and characte
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References Gianoli E, Niemeyer HM (
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References Kliebenstein DJ, Kroyman
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References Studies in Natural Produ
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References Geniostoma antherotrichu
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References Todesco M, Balasubramani
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References Walters DR, Paterson L,
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Summary Summary Basal resistance in
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Samenvatting Samenvatting Basale re
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Samenvatting inzichten opgeleverd i
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgements In
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Curriculum vitae Shakoor was born o
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List of Publications Published arti
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Plant basal resistance - Universiteit Utrecht

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